Obama Can Emulate Reagan's Esoterica to Break the 7.2 Percent Spell

Published in Creaders
(China) on 2 September 2011
by (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Liangzi He. Edited by Jennifer Pietropaoli.
The New York Times already warned Obama in June by quoting historical data that indicated that, after Franklin Roosevelt, no president could succeed when the unemployment rate is over 7.2 percent. Since World War II there have been three presidents who ran for a second term when the unemployment rate was more than 6 percent, including Carter and Bush, who both failed. When Bush was running for reelection in 1992, the unemployment rate was 7.3 percent and the little known Arkansas governor, Bill Clinton, defeated him with one phrase: “It’s the economy, stupid!” Facing Republican candidate Perry’s attacks about creating jobs, Obama seems to be following on the same disastrous road as Bush.

Although there have only been seven presidents since World War II to seek reelection and the sample is too small to draw a meaningful conclusion, Obama’s team obviously knows that the unemployment rate is a major issue. They consulted Michael Beschloss, a historian who specializes in presidents’ history. Beschloss suggested a possible solution based on Roosevelt’s campaign in 1936 and Reagan’s in 1984, both of which were successful during economic depressions, when the unemployment rate was over 7.2 percent. The strategies used by these two were the same. They both emphasized that even though the economy was not good, it was improving. Meanwhile, they attacked their competitors’ economic suggestions as the continuance of former failure that would only make things worse. Take Reagan, for example. During his election campaign in 1984 against Democrat Mondale, he turned the election into a referendum for former Democratic President Carter.

However, emulation for Obama is not easy. Reagan’s first term in office showed economic increase and an unemployment rate that had declined from 10 percent. The economy hasn’t improved at all since Obama took office in 2009; the unemployment rate has steadily increased from 7.8 percent since January 2009. What’s more troublesome is that his major competitor, Texas governor Rick Perry, has a selling point of having created jobs. Perry bragged that he maintained a low tax rate under reasonable supervision in his term, attracted business to Texas and increased employment. From the depression in June 2009 to this July, around 299,800 jobs were created in Texas, making up 43 percent of all jobs created in the U.S. in the same time period. Furthermore, the unemployment rate in Texas was 8.4 percent in July, which was lower than the 9.1 percent national unemployment rate.

This doesn’t mean that Obama cannot win again. His priority is to come up with some ideas to improve the economy next year in order to persuade voters to vote for him. He may also need to hope that the halo of his competitor’s achievements fades a bit. Perry has already become the target of attacks. The media has started to examine the “Texas miracle,” suggesting that jobs created by Perry were all low paying and that the recent economic advantage in Texas was due to the price increase of oil, meaning that Perry is only enjoying the outcome without having worked for it. Additionally, the current unemployment rate in Texas was still the highest since 1987. The Republican establishment and right-wing tea party movement have also been targeting Perry. The tea party criticized Perry for his employment stimulation building a “big government.” Establishment members like Karl Rove attacked Perry for his criticism that the Federal Reserve was taking the populist route, calling his remark “unpresidential.”


奥巴马可效法里根秘籍 破7.2%魔咒

明报 2011-09-02 14:58:59

《纽约时报》早在6月便曾引用历史数据「警告」奥巴马,指自小罗斯福后,没有总统能在失业率高于7.2%时连任。二战后有3名总统竞逐连任时失业率高于6%,其中卡特和老布殊败选。老布殊1992年竞逐连任时,失业率为7.3%,被名不经传的阿肯色州长克林顿凭一句「问题是经济,笨蛋!」击败。面对大打「创造就业牌」的共和党总统参选人佩里狙击,奥巴马似乎正在蹈老布殊覆辙。

虽然二战后只有7名竞逐连任的总统,样本太少,难以归纳出有意义的结论,但奥巴马团队显然已知道失业率是头号问题,6月时向专研总统史的历史学家比齐罗斯(Michael Beschloss)请教。比齐罗斯指出一条可望反胜之路,1936年的罗斯福及1984年的列根,都是在失业率高达7.2%、经济低迷时连任成功。两人所用的策略相同,那就是一边强调经济虽然差,但正逐步改善,一边攻击竞选对手的经济建议只是过往失败经验的延续,会令事情更糟。以列根为例,他1984年竞逐连任面对民主党的蒙代尔,策略便是将大选变成对前任民主党总统卡特的公投。

但奥巴马要照办煮碗并不容易,列根首届任期时至少经历了经济增长期,失业率自逾10%高峰回落。奥巴马2009年上任至今经济却一直无起色,失业率由2009年1月的7.8%一直攀升。更令奥巴马头痛的是,目前头号对手、3届得州州长佩里是以「创造就业」为卖点。佩里吹嘘任内维持低税及合理监管,吸引商家到得州,创造就业。自2009年6月衰退结束至今年7月,得州创造了29.98万份职位,佔美国同期整体创造职位的43%。得州7月份失业率为8.4%,低于9.1%的全国失业率。

这并非说奥巴马无反胜之途。他当务之急还是要想办法,令经济明年有起色象,才能说服选民让他连任。他也许还要寄望对手的政绩光环尽早褪色。佩里早已成为左右夹攻的目标,传媒纷纷开始检视「得州奇」,指佩里创造的就业只是低薪职位,且得州近年在经济上的优势,拜油价上升等先天因素所赐,佩里只是坐享其成,而且得州目前的失业率仍是1987年以来最高。共和党建制及右翼茶党运动亦把佩里当成战靶。茶党批评佩里在得州刺激就业是搞「大政府」,建制派如罗夫(Karl Rove)等人则攻击佩里批评联储局的言论是走民粹路线,「没有总统气度」。
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