Obama’s Neo-Unilateralism

Published in Lianhe Zaobao
(Singapore) on 14 June 2012
by Shiyu Yu (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Xinlin Xu. Edited by .

Edited by Anita Dixon

Unilateralism, which led to the decline of the United States’ reputation and moral authority, is the most significant feature of the Bush administration’s foreign policy. It not only worsened the U.S. debt crisis through the Afghanistan and Iraq wars, but it also intensified antagonism between the United States and Islamic countries, aggravating a global “clash of civilizations.”

Ostensibly, Obama is trying to “bring order out of chaos,” emphasizing international cooperation, restoring alliances with America’s European allies and adopting “friendly” diplomacy toward the Islamic world. Suddenly, Obama garnered many international accolades and even received his undeserved Nobel Peace Prize.

Unlike the Bush administration, the Obama administration recognizes the limitations of U.S. power and influence and always emphasizes “cost-effectiveness,” a way that helps America acquire the greatest international interests at the least cost. This is the most significant feature of the so-called “Obama doctrine,” which affects the White House’s policy-making and priorities and that revealed itself especially in the promotion of the strategic importance of the Asia-Pacific region. Nevertheless, on the “anti-terrorism” front, even some American conservatives hold that there is no substantial difference between policies adopted by Obama and Bush, except in how they are implemented.

Directed by the “cost-effectiveness” principle, the Obama administration is actually carrying out neo-unilateralism, of which the long-term impact on the international community and security is no less than the Bush version of unilateralism.

Obama’s Continuance in Office Faces a Severe Challenge

This neo-unilateralism is essentially the uncontrolled high-tech militarization of war. This information emerged from Obama’s more and more troublesome re-election campaign.

With the slowdown in the U.S. economy and employment recovery and the deepened Euro-zone crisis, Obama’s re-election is facing more and more severe challenges. That the Democrats were defeated in the Wisconsin recall election and that Romney topped Obama in fundraising for the first time are both ominous signals. Obama’s campaign was forced to underscore the only highlight of the current administration — the “anti-terrorism” front. Thereafter came two important reports from the New York Times, which for the first time spotlighted the details of drone attacks on terrorists and the first U.S. computer virus attacks on another sovereign country.

Not to mention the political disturbance it caused by deliberately “leaking” information to manifest its political achievements, the Obama administration generated great long-term impact on both domestic and international society through these two actions.

First, the New York Times revealed that Obama would make a “Death List” every Tuesday, which, intentionally or not, propagandized Obama’s image as a “tough guy.” As I commented last year, the practice of the “Death List” is equivalent to an “illegal assassination,” which totally circumvents judicial procedure, violating the most highlighted principle of the British and American legal systems — judicial independence.

The CIA is involved in the drone attacks and has become the major source of intelligence that serves the decision-making on the “Death List,” making it difficult to explain every drone attack as a battlefield action, especially as an American citizen was also killed in such an attack. Even the American media do not hesitate to point out the severe defects of “illegal assassination,” such as the made-up “evidence of a crime,” which the former president of Yemen once employed to eliminate his political opponents.

The Obama Administration’s Harm to Peace Is No Less Than the Bush Administration's

The militarization of high-tech war is a double-edged sword. Although the U.S. has built up a commanding lead on technology, other governments or non-governmental organizations are all catching up. As a result, the popularization of drone attacks can be expected to happen soon. A large number of Islamic radical fundamentalists have been trained in engineering in Western countries, which would likely make the U.S., the originator of drone attacks, responsible for the consequences.

Therefore, after the New York Times report, even the major “anti-terrorism” proponent, American Jewish conservative political commentator Charles Krauthammer, immediately called for an end to drone attacks.

The New York Times then continued to disclose that the Obama administration once cooperated with Israel to secretly initiate an extremely advanced and complicated virus attack on an Iranian nuclear plant. This action marked the milestone of the militarization of the “virtual world.” Ironically, the U.S. has constantly criticized other nations, especially Russia and China, for attacking Western nations through computer spyware and destructive virtual warfare, but the U.S. government itself first adopted the practice of a virus attack on another sovereign nation. The historic meaning of such an action and its impact on the increasing development of militarization of the “virtual world” and the global internet goes without saying.

In short, the Obama administration fully utilized America’s current high-tech advantage to militarize the newest technology development to reduce casualties in warfare, pushing forward the next round of high-tech arms race among powerful countries. Even the New York Times admitted that these actions are no different than the Bush administration’s unilateralism, but only seems better under a soft cover. The Atlantic criticized Obama’s assassination policy as exacerbating the country’s anti-American emotion. All in all, future historians would never consider Obama’s unilateralism to be any less harmful to world peace than Bush’s.


奥巴马的新版单边主义

在小布什总统任上,单边主义成为美国对外政策的最大特色,不仅导致美国威望和道德权威的下降,还因为阿富汗和伊拉克两场战争的无底洞,加剧了美国的国债危机,同时强化了美国与穆斯林国家民意的对立,加剧了全球“文明冲突”的布局。

  奥巴马表面上大力“拨乱反正”,强调国际合作,恢复与欧洲“盟邦”携手,并对穆斯林世界展开笑脸外交。一时获得不少国际赞歌,甚至无功受禄赢得了诺贝尔和平奖。

  奥巴马与布什政府的最大不同,在于认识到美国国力的局限,而处处强调“成本效益(cost-effective)”,以最低的成本代价,获取最大的国际利益。这是所谓“奥巴马主义”的最大特色,影响到白宫的政策制定和优先次序,特别是亚太地区战略重要性的提升。然而在“反恐”战线,连许多美国右翼人士也承认,奥巴马的战略目的与布什并无太多区别,只是手段有别。

  我认为在成本效益指导下,奥巴马政府实际推行了一种新型的单边主义,对国际社会和安全的长远影响,并不亚于布什牌号的单边主义。

奥巴马连任遭到严重挑战

  这一新版单边主义,一言以蔽之,便是无节制的高科技军事化和战争化。其曝光来自奥巴马日益麻烦的连任竞选。

  随着美国经济和就业复苏的减缓,以及欧元危机的深化,奥巴马连任遭到越来越严重的挑战。民主党在威斯康星州长召回选举中的惨败,以及罗姆尼竞选筹款进账首次超过奥巴马,都是相当不祥的信号。奥巴马班子不得不强调本届政府唯一的政绩亮点——“反恐”战线,于是出现了《纽约时报》近来两篇重要的深度报道,首次披露白宫大大强化无人飞机刺杀“恐怖分子”的过程细节,以及美国政府有史以来首次对另一个主权国家展开电脑病毒攻击。

  暂且不说白宫为了宣扬上述政绩而对媒体有意“泄密”造成的政治风波,奥巴马政府的这两项决策无论在国内还是国际,都有巨大的长远影响。

  首先是无人飞机刺杀行为。《纽约时报》披露奥巴马每个星期二亲自决定下一批“处死名单”,以宣传奥巴马的“硬汉”形象。我去年就评论过,这样的举动相当于“法外杀人”,完全绕过了正常司法程序,尤其是英美法制传统的最大亮点——司法独立于行政权力的原则。

  中央情报局卷入无人飞机刺杀,尤其是作为“处死名单”决策情报的主要来源,使得这一暗杀行动很难解释为战场行为,而被杀者包括了受到美国宪法保护的美国公民在内。连美国传媒都不回避这一“法外杀人”的重大缺陷,例如“罪证”来自陷害捏造,例如也门下台总统过去几年中以此对政敌借刀杀人。

对和平的伤害不亚于布什政府

  更糟糕的是这是一柄双刃剑,虽然美国目前在技术上领先,但是其他政府和非政府组织都在急起直追,无人飞机技术的普及化指日可待,尤其是大量伊斯兰激进组织成员在西方国家接受过工程技术教育,到头来始作俑者的美国反而会吃不了兜着走。而整个国际社会为这种高科技刺杀技术的泛滥,不免付出重大代价。

  所以在《纽约时报》披露后,连“反恐”战争的主要右翼鹰派笔杆子、美国犹太政论家克劳特哈默(Charles Krauthammer)都马上主张禁止使用无人飞机武器,不失为远见之言。

  《纽约时报》接着披露的,是奥巴马政府与以色列合作,秘密对伊朗核计划发动极为先进复杂的电脑病毒攻击。这一举动开辟了“虚拟空间”军事化的里程碑,反衬美国朝野近年来不断指责其他国家(尤其俄国和中国)对西方开展电脑间谍和破坏战,到头来却是美国政府首次对另一个主权国家发起了电脑战争行动。这一举动的历史性意义,以及大大加速“虚拟空间”和国际电脑网络的军事化,自不待言。

  总之,奥巴马政府充分利用了美国现有的技术优势,以自身最低的人力伤亡成本,率先把最新的人类科技发展全面军事化,推动大国之间的下一轮高科技军备竞赛。连《纽约时报》也承认这些举动与布什总统的单边主义并无二致,却由于奥巴马政府的“软包装”而尚未引起广泛的国际批评。《大西洋月刊》则批评奥巴马的刺杀行动反而加剧了当事国家的反美民意。我认为在未来历史学家的眼中,奥巴马牌号的单边主义对国际和平的伤害不会亚于布什政府。

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