Don’t Take 660,000 Americans’ Call for Independence Too Seriously

Published in The Beijing News
(China) on 21 January 2013
by Shi Zehua (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Ann Kubusek. Edited by Rachel Smith.
America’s current constitutional system respects the self-determinists’ freedom of expression but sets up insurmountable barriers for any rebel.

In all of America’s 50 states there are a total of 660,000 people who signed an independent petition demanding autonomy. The White House responded by declaring that they support national unity and will not allow independence. This gave us an opportunity to observe American democracy.

America used the slogan of “no taxation without representation” and their ideal of self-determinism to end British rule, and every state willingly became a sovereign entity within the federal government. While the political order created a successful federal principle compromise, along the way it choked off any further self-determining desires. Under America’s current constitutional system, unity can be maintained while protecting the rights of each individual state.

Within America’s Constitution it does not directly deny a state’s right to secession but at the same time the Supreme Court reviews any cases that are deemed unconstitutional while relying heavily upon the federal government for support. In 1869 the ruling of the Texas v. White case stated that in order for any state in the union to become independent it must first receive permission from every state in order for it to become lawful. This illustrates that leaving the union is more difficult than amending the Constitution.

Self-determinism emphasizes autonomy and independence while democracy necessitates conditioning and programming. The people calling for independence obviously are aware that their movement will not produce any substantial results. They are merely using this opportunity to express their long-term dissatisfaction with Obama and his party. Moreover, this type of “tea-party” politics has objectively promoted the development of political interest groups.

The tens of thousands of people calling for independence can be thought of as the representatives of a small and weak subculture; they will never be thought as the prelude to an American revolution. However, this “weak subcultural pluralism,” as Robert A. Dahl termed it, is an important factor in democracy. Not only is it America’s secret weapon to produce and preserve a pluralist, democratic political culture, but it’s also an important experience of many other countries in pursuing a healthy and stable development of politics and culture. The mere existence of this subculture cannot shake the foundations of mainstream culture, but it can help to pare out its rotten core.

Respecting the self-determinists' legal freedom of expression while using the democratic process and cultural pluralism to stifle the self-determinist desire: this is America’s secret weapon for maintaining the federal government system.


66万美国人闹独立,不必当真

2013-01-15 02:31:00 新京报

  美国现行的宪政体系,尊重自决者的表达自由,却为叛逆者们设置了难以逾越的障碍。

  针对美国50个州共66万民众签署的要求独立请愿书,白宫日前正式回应称,坚持“国家统一”,不允许“闹独立”。这给了我们一次观察美国民主的机会。

  美国以“无代表权不纳税”为由、以自决的方式脱离了英国的统治;各州以自愿、自决的方式出让部分主权组成联邦。同时,政治秩序生成期自治传统和联邦原则的成功妥协,也顺利地扼杀了各种再次自决的愿望。在美国现行宪政体系中,维系联邦统一和保护各州自治成为两个并行不悖、难以撼动的原则。

  美国宪法中并未直接否定各州退出联邦的自决权利,但同时将之交到了独享违宪审查权却又极其依赖联邦存在的联邦最高法院身上。在1869年的“得克萨斯州诉怀特案”的判决中,它裁定,若有任何一州要脱离联邦,那么其决定必须经过其他州的许可,才为合法。这就意味着,脱离联邦与比修改宪法更困难。

  自决强调自主性和独立性,民主则看重制约性和程序性。此次这些“闹独立”的人,也明明知道自己的行动不会有什么实质性的结果,他们只不过“聪明”地利用了这种无奈,来抒发心中对于奥巴马民主党政府积聚已久的怨气而已。不过,无心插柳柳成荫,这一类似于“茶党”运动的政治活动,在客观上推动了美国利益集团政治的发展。

  几十万人“闹独立”的呼声,可以被看作弱小的亚文化的代表,却绝不可被看作美国大众革命的前奏,否则便是痴人说梦了。不过,“弱小的亚文化多元主义”是有利于民主的重要因素(罗伯特·达尔语)。保持亚文化多元、弱小的状态,不仅仅是美国形成和维系多元民主政治文化的法宝,也是世界上其他许多国家政治文化得以健康、稳定发展的重要经验。这些亚文化的存在,无法撼动主流文化的根基,却能帮助主流文化祛除腐肌。

  尊重自决者合法的表达自由,却以民主的程序和多元的文化扼杀自决者的欲望,是美国保存其联邦政治体制的灵丹妙药。

  □史泽华(学者)
This post appeared on the front page as a direct link to the original article with the above link .

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