Coming Out of the Shadows

Published in El País
(Spain) on 22 November 2014
by Editorial (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Courtney Cadenhead. Edited by Laurence Bouvard.
With an executive order, Barack Obama has put an end to the anguish of 5 million people, who, because of their status as undocumented immigrants, have lived for years at risk of being deported to their native countries if they find themselves in a situation where they are ever asked for documentation. This executive order ends such anguish for millions who have demanded a change for years and is an exceptional measure that establishes the greatest regularization of immigration status in the last 30 years.

If there is any country in which immigration clearly represents a fundamental contribution to its progress and well-being, that country is the United States. That is how Obama emphasized it during a live, prime-time appearance in which he explained his momentous decision. It is an action that follows in the wake — albeit with significant legal differences — of other important legal changes made by White House predecessors from all political camps, the most noteworthy among them being the immigration law enacted by former Republican President Ronald Reagan in 1986.

It is precisely because of the uncompromising opposition of the Republican Party — which, following the elections earlier this month, now controls both houses of Congress — that the president has turned to an executive order, or a presidential decree which does not require Congressional approval. It is a tool which almost every U.S. president, except Obama has utilized. The executive order is a gesture of authority, striking a blow after months of resistance and deadlock from the Republicans. However, the fact that the intent of the executive order is right and just does not prevent it from also being considered a double-edged sword.

Without a doubt, the order showcases Obama´s willingness to fulfill one of his principal promises to resolve a grave problem inherited from previous administrations; but the decision significantly sharpens his conflict with legislative powers and highlights his inability to work together with Congress, not to mention the fact that a future president could rescind Obama´s decree without explanation.

What is important is that this resolution puts an end to unjust circumstances, indeed, situations that often border on the bureaucratically surreal, and there´s nothing to do but congratulate President Obama for acting. Some 4 million out of the 5 million people who will benefit from the measure are parents of children born in the country, and therefore rightful U.S. citizens. These are children whose lives are frequently marked by the fear of their parents´ deportation. The words that Obama directed towards them have a literal meaning in millions of cases: ¨You can come out of the shadows.” What remains to be seen now is what will happen with the 6 million undocumented immigrants that continue to live in the United States. That is a problem that the next White House will inherit.


Con una orden ejecutiva, Barack Obama ha puesto fin a la angustia de cinco millones de personas que, por su condición de inmigrantes sin papeles, han vivido durante años en el riesgo de ser deportadas a sus países de origen al encontrarse ante cualquier circunstancia cotidiana en la que una autoridad les solicitara su documentación. Una zozobra cuyo final reclamaban millones de personas desde hace años y que el presidente de EE UU ha resuelto mediante una medida excepcional que consagra la mayor regularización de inmigrantes en los últimos 30 años.

Si existe un país en el que es evidente que la inmigración supone una contribución fundamental para el progreso y el bienestar, ése es precisamente Estados Unidos. Y así lo subrayó el propio Obama en una aparición en directo y horario de máxima audiencia para explicar la trascendente decisión. Una medida que sigue la estela —aunque con diferencias legales significativas— de otras grandes regularizaciones efectuadas por sus predecesores de todo signo político en la Casa Blanca, entre las que destaca la efectuada por el republicano Ronald Reagan en 1986.

Ha sido precisamente la intransigente oposición de Partido Republicano, que tras las elecciones de comienzos de este mes controla ambas cámaras del Congreso, la que ha llevado al presidente a adoptar una orden ejecutiva, es decir, un decreto presidencial para el que no se necesita la aprobación del Congreso. Es una herramienta a la que han recurrido casi todos los presidentes de EE UU y de la que Obama no ha abusado, hasta ahora, en ninguno de sus dos mandatos. Se trata de un gesto de autoridad, de un golpe encima de la mesa tras meses de resistencia y bloqueo por parte de los republicanos. Pero el hecho que el objetivo del decreto presidencial sea acertado y justo no impide considerarlo también como un arma de doble filo.
La orden expone sin lugar a dudas la voluntad de Obama de cumplir una de sus principales promesas para resolver un problema grave heredado de anteriores gobiernos; pero la decisión agudiza significativamente su enfrentamiento con el poder legislativo, además de dejar en evidencia la incapacidad de trabajar con el Congreso. Por no mencionar que un futuro presidente puede revocar, sin necesidad de dar explicaciones, el decreto de Obama.

Lo importante es que esta resolución pone fin a situaciones injustas y, en numerosas ocasiones, rayanas en el surrealismo burocrático; no cabe sino felicitarse por ello. Cuatro de los cinco millones de beneficiados por la medida son padres de niños nacidos en el país, y por lo tanto ciudadanos estadounidenses de pleno derecho; una niñez muchas veces marcada por el temor a la deportación paterna. Las palabras que les dirigió Obama —“ya pueden salir de las sombras”— tienen un significado literal en miles de casos. Queda ahora por ver qué sucederá con los seis millones de inmigrantes sin papeles que siguen en EE UU. Un problema que heredará ya la próxima Casa Blanca.
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