US: The ‘Paradise’ of Poor Children

Published in El Nuevo Diario
(Nicaragua) on 05 June 2015
by Carlos Ampié Loría (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Sean P. Hunter. Edited by Helaine Schweitzer.
The news of black adolescents shot to death by American police have overturned the world and unleashed mass protests and a heated debate in that nation of limitless possibilities.

Many are the voices and opinions in search of reasons for the outbreak of state violence against the civilian population. One of these voices is that of economist Jeff Madrick, who says in his article “The Cost Of Child Poverty” that among the causes, “one in particular has been all too little acknowledged: America’s child poverty crisis.” According to a 2012 UNICEF study in 35 developed countries, which was cited by the author, in the United States, there are 13 million children and adolescents under 18 years old living in poverty. That means that approximately 20 percent of the young population is poor, and among the black population, that number reaches almost 50 percent. For a nation so rich and powerful, this is a disgrace.

In the author’s opinion, dozens of studies have demonstrated a direct link between child poverty and what he calls the social dysfunction of affected children, which includes learning difficulties, delays in development, a tendency to contract chronic diseases, low school performance, dropping out of school, criminality and imprisonment before the age of 16.

According to the economist, some programs to combat the problem have been implemented, including tax reductions for low-income families, home visits and temporary assistance plans for needy families. However, these programs have been a drop in the ocean, since they have only helped 115,000 families. Besides, the programs aim to improve the health of poor children and not to eradicate child poverty. But Madrick does not deny their positive effects, which have been verified in recent studies.

Before proposing a concrete solution, Madrick cites Harry Holzer, an expert from Georgetown University, who has calculated the the country's losses due to child poverty — assessed as losses in productivity, high crime rates, and elevated health costs — are around $500 billion annually. Based on these data and the positive effects of the programs that have been implemented thus far, the author proposes a plan aimed at ending child poverty. A part of the model for doing so already exists in some South American and European countries: direct financial aid for all children, whether they are poor or wealthy.

Madrick suggests the British model, implemented in 1999 by Prime Minister Tony Blair, which supplies direct financial aid and complementary programs at close to $5,000 per year to each family. Child poverty in the United Kingdom has been reduced by 50 percent in 15 years. According to data supplied by the author, England invests 1 percent of its gross domestic product in this program.

Madrick’s opponents argue that to invest 1 percent of U.S. GDP would be too expensive, since it would be equivalent to investing some $100 billion a year in American children. The economist's argument is that more than being an economic issue, it is a humanitarian issue. He says that besides the financial benefits in the short and medium term, “the reduction of suffering of the innocents would be what counts the most.”

Like the author says, the problem is that “until today there has been little interest in fighting child poverty on a grand scale.” Madrick is right if we take into account that Congress approved $581 billion in military spending in 2014, and it approved $614 billion for the same cause in 2013. The war that Washington waged against the Iraqi people cost taxpayers close to $800 billion. That is enough money to have implemented Madrick’s plan and to perhaps have saved the lives of all the young people who, since then, have died as victims of poverty and racial and social discrimination.


Las noticias de adolescentes negros ultimados a balazos por policías estadounidenses, le han dado la vuelta al mundo y desatado multitudinarias protestas y un acalorado debate en ese país de ilimitadas (im) posibilidades.

Son múltiples las voces y opiniones en busca de las razones de ese estallido de violencia estatal en contra de la población civil, y una de esas voces es la del economista Jeff Madrick quien en su artículo titulado “El costo de la pobreza infantil” dice que entre las causas “una en particular ha sido poco reconocida: la crisis de pobreza infantil en EE.UU.”. Según un estudio de Unicef realizado en 35 países desarrollados en 2012 y citado por el autor, en EE.UU., viven unos 13 millones de niños y adolescentes menores de 18 años en la pobreza. Eso significa que aproximadamente 20% de la población joven es pobre, y entre la población negra esa cifra alcanza casi el 50%. Para un país tan rico y poderoso, una vergüenza.

En opinión del autor, decenas de estudios han demostrado que existe un vínculo directo entre la pobreza infantil y lo que él llama la disfunción social de los niños afectados: Dificultades de aprendizaje, retardos en el desarrollo en general, propensión a contraer enfermedades crónicas, bajos rendimientos escolares, deserción escolar, criminalidad y encarcelamiento antes de los 16 años.

Según el economista se han implementado algunos programas para combatir el problema: reducción de impuestos a familias de bajos ingresos, plan de visitas domiciliares y asistencia temporal a familias necesitadas. Sin embargo, estos programas han sido poco menos que una gota de agua en el mar, pues hasta hoy solo han beneficiado a 115 mil familias. Además, su fin es mejorar la salud de los niños pobres y no erradicar la pobreza infantil. Pero Madrick no niega los efectos positivos de estos programas, los cuales han sido constatados en estudios recientes.

Antes de proponer una solución concreta, Madrick cita al experto de la Universidad de Georgetown, Harry Holzer, quien ha calculado las pérdidas ocasionadas al país por la pobreza infantil --valoradas en productividad perdida, altas tasas de criminalidad y elevados gastos en salud-- en unos 500 billones de dólares anuales. Basándose en este dato y en los efectos positivos de los programas hasta ahora implementados, el autor propone un plan dirigido a terminar con la pobreza infantil. Para ello parte del modelo que ya existe en algunos países suramericanos y europeos: ayuda financiera directa para todos los niños, sean pobres o ricos.

Madrick sugiere el modelo británico implemetado en 1999 por el presidente Tony Blair que proporciona en ayuda financiera directa y programas complementarios cerca de 5,000 dólares a cada familia al año, y mediante el cual se ha reducido la pobreza infantil en Gran Bretaña en un 50% en 15 años. Según datos proporcionados por el autor, Inglaterra invierte en ese programa el 1% del PIB.

Los adversarios de Madrick objetan que invertir el 1% del PIB de EE.UU., en ese plan sería demasiado caro, ya que equivaldría a invertir en los niños estadounidenses unos 100 billones de dólares al año. El argumento del economista, más que económico, es de índole humanitaria cuando dice que, aparte de los beneficios financieros de corto y mediano plazo, “la reducción del sufrimiento de los inocentes podría ser lo que más cuente.”

Como dice el autor, el problema es que “hasta hoy ha habido poco interés en atacar la pobreza infantil a gran escala”. Tiene razón Madrick si se toma en cuenta que el Congreso estadounidense aprobó 581 billones de dólares para gastos militares en 2014 y 614 billones de dólares en 2013. La guerra que Washington dirigió en contra del pueblo iraquí les costó a los contribuyentes cerca de 800 billones de dólares. Dinero suficiente para haber implementado el plan de Madrick y haber, tal vez, salvado la vida de todos los jóvenes que desde entonces han muerto víctimas de la pobreza y la discriminación racial y social.

Dresden, Alemania, mayo de 2015.
This post appeared on the front page as a direct link to the original article with the above link .

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