We Need Evacuation Plans!

Published in Ryūkyū Shimpō
(Japan) on 28 July 2015
by (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Hirotoshi Kimura. Edited by Rachel Pott.
It has come to light that there is no part of Okinawa with a U.S. base where there is an evacuation manual ready for possible accidents. This shows how neglectful the municipalities are in their minimum duty of protecting residents’ lives.

However, not all blame lies at the door of the municipalities, for the Japan-U.S. Status of Forces Agreement (SOFA) stipulates that the U.S. military holds “exclusive management rights” over everything that goes on at its bases, making it virtually impossible for the Japanese government to have a say in its business. Also, there’s no way whatsoever for the municipalities to know what kinds of weapons and ammunition are on site or whether or not they are radioactive.

"Despite repeated demands for disclosure, they will just come back with the word 'confidential,' so there's no way for us to take concrete steps," rightfully complains one official in Chatan, Okinawa.

Indeed, until a U.S. helicopter crashed into Okinawa International University, for example, residents didn't know radioactive strontium was used in U.S. choppers. Even worse, this fact was exposed a month after the crash. In this kind of environment, how can the municipalities prepare for possible accidents?

There have been too many similar cases to enumerate all of them on this page. For example, people in Kumejima hadn’t been clued in to the military’s use of radiological weapons until after Marine Corps fighter jets accidentally dropped depleted uranium (DU) bombs into the sea during military exercises at the Torishima firing range. And the Chibana Ammunition Depot gas leak that occurred before Okinawa’s reversion to Japan was exposed not by the military, but by the U.S. press. All this shows the U.S military’s incorrigible disregard for the safety of people in their host cities and towns.

The Department of Defense, the U.S. military's virtual landlord in Japan, should be obligated to at least provide host towns and cities with critical information for evacuation planning. At the same time, the U.S. military shouldn’t be allowed to hide behind the curtain when it is the one that needs to come clean.

I’d say the “exclusive management rights” proviso is the root of all evil here. This kind of concept is not accepted anywhere else in the world. Humiliatingly enough, this, in effect, reduces Japan to the status of a vassal state.

In Germany, for instance, the U.S. must follow Germany’s laws and regulations. Should it pollute Germany's environment, it is the U.S. not Germany that must clean up after itself. In Italy, military flight times are dictated by the government. So, it is inconceivable that these host countries know nothing about what’s going on at the bases.

Unexpected things do happen, as evidenced by the Great East Japan earthquake. It is the duty of relevant municipalities to batten down the hatches for any potential eventuality, and the U.S. and Japanese governments have the duty to help with those preparations. But the best solution is to revamp the SOFA, the seed of all secrecy in the system.


米軍基地で事故が起きた場合の住民の避難について、基地を抱える県内市町村の全てで手引(マニュアル)を作っていないことが分かった。これでは、自治体にとって最低限の責務である「住民の生命の保護」すらできない。
ただ、市町村ばかりを責めるわけにはいかない。米軍基地は日米地位協定で米軍が「排他的管理権」を持つと定める。日本政府を含め誰も基地の使い方について一切口出しできないとする規定だ。これがあるため、基地内にどんな武器弾薬や施設があるか、例えばそれらが放射性物質を含むのかどうかすら、市町村には一切知らされないのである。
「基地内の情報公開を求めてきたが、何を聞いても『機密』とされる。何の説明もない状態で具体的な計画は立てられない」(北谷町)という嘆きはもっともだ。
現実に、例えば沖縄国際大への米軍ヘリ墜落事故が起きるまで、放射性物質ストロンチウムがヘリの部品に使われていることなど住民は知らされていなかった。しかも公表は事故の1カ月後だ。これで避難などできるはずがない。
同様の例は枚挙にいとまがない。鳥島射爆撃場で劣化ウラン弾の誤射があった際も、放射性物質を含む武器の使用を久米島の住民が知ったのは誤射の後だ。復帰前の知花弾薬庫毒ガス漏れ事故は、そもそも米軍でなく米紙の報道で発覚した。住民の命の軽視は連綿と続いているのである。
基地を提供する防衛省が、避難計画の基礎となる情報を提供するのは最低限の義務であろう。まして米軍は当事者そのものである。第三者のような顔をして素知らぬふりをするのは許されない。
排他的管理権が諸悪の根源だ。現地の国が一切口出しできないなど、日本以外の国ではあり得ない属国的かつ屈辱的な規定である。
例えばドイツの米軍基地では、米軍はドイツ国内法を順守する義務があり、環境汚染をしたら米軍に浄化義務がある。イタリアでは飛行機の飛行時間すらイタリアが決める。これらの基地で現地の国が基地内について一切知らないなどあり得ない。
想定外の事故があり得るのは東日本大震災で明らかだ。あらゆる事態に備えるのが自治体の務めであり、日米両政府にはそれを可能にする義務がある。やはり基地の「秘密主義」を可能にする地位協定を抜本改定するほかない。
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