Extortion in Guatemala

Published in El País
(Spain) on 02 August 2019
by Editorial (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Hannah Bowditch. Edited by Margaret McIntyre.
Surely you need two presidents so unconcerned with rules or common sense, such as Jimmy Morales of Guatemala and Donald Trump of the United States, to sign an agreement on immigration last Friday designating the Central American nation as a “safe third country.” This means that anyone wanting to seek refuge or asylum in the United States who has traveled via Guatemala on his way to the U.S. border must first seek asylum in Guatemala. All socioeconomic indicators in Guatemala, as well as their insufficient public services, let us predict the result of this: a humanitarian disaster.

To achieve this, Trump has used his favorite weapon: the threat of trade tariffs that could destroy the precarious Guatemalan economy. This time he has done so with a weaker partner than Mexico, whom he also tried to extort for months with the same goal in mind. Morales, who has less scruples than the Mexican President Andrés Manuel López Obrador but who is also less capable in diplomatic and institutional resistance than his neighbor to the north, has given in.

Surely aware of the consequences, Morales has begun the process with maximum secrecy, to the point where the exact terms of the agreement are still unknown. This includes what compensatory aid will be given, which according to international regulations the United States should provide, and the rest of the details of such an impactful and important agreement. Critics were quick to act. The bulk of criticisms focus on the fact that the pact, which was signed behind Parliament’s back, shatters what little was left of institutionalism in the country and compromises its future.

Incapable of guaranteeing the minimum welfare for its inhabitants, Guatemala will now have to provide refuge, services and logistics to tens of thousands of migrants, primarily from Honduras and El Salvador, who seek asylum in the United States each year. Not to mention the man power and civil servants necessary to facilitate the legal processes.

The legal battle against the agreement has already begun, however. Previously, a Federal judge in the United States made clear that Guatemala does not meet the necessary conditions to be considered a safe country. A Human Rights lawyer in Guatemala, Jordán Rodas, asked the Constitutional Court on Monday to halt proceedings. According to Rodas, “agreements signed under threat will have no legal effect.” It is expected that for the good of the whole region, the latest abuse of the United States will be called to a stop.


Chantaje en Guatemala

Se necesitaban seguramente dos mandatarios tan poco preocupados por las reglas y el sentido común como Jimmy Morales, de Guatemala, y Donald Trump, de Estados Unidos, para firmar el acuerdo sobre inmigración conocido el viernes pasado por el que la nación centroamericana acepta convertirse en “tercer país seguro”. Esto significa que aquellas personas que quieran solicitar refugio o asilo en Estados Unidos y han pasado por Guatemala deberán hacerlo —y esperar— en este último país. Todos los indicadores socioeconómicos de Guatemala, así como sus insuficientes servicios públicos, permiten augurar el resultado: un desastre humanitario.

Para lograrlo, Trump ha utilizado su arma favorita: la amenaza de aranceles comerciales que hubieran podido arruinar la precaria economía guatemalteca. Y lo ha hecho con un socio más débil que México, al que también chantajeó durante meses con el mismo objetivo. Morales, con menos escrúpulos que el presidente mexicano, Andrés Manuel López Obrador, pero también con menos capacidad de resistencia diplomática e institucional que su vecino del norte, ha claudicado.

Seguramente consciente de las consecuencias, Morales ha llevado el proceso con el máximo secretismo, hasta el punto de que aún se desconocen los términos exactos de lo acordado, la ayuda compensatoria que Estados Unidos, según la normativa internacional, deberá proporcionar, y el resto de detalles de un acuerdo de semejante trascendencia e impacto. Las críticas no se han hecho esperar. El grueso de ellas se centra en que el pacto, firmado a espaldas del Parlamento, hace trizas lo poco que queda de institucionalidad en el país y compromete su futuro.

Incapaz de garantizar mínimos de bienestar para sus habitantes, el Estado guatemalteco tendrá ahora que proveer refugio, servicios y logística a decenas de miles de migrantes, principalmente hondureños y salvadoreños, que cada año solicitan asilo en Estados Unidos. Por no hablar del equipo humano y de funcionarios necesario para dar salida a los trámites legales.

La batalla legal contra el acuerdo, de todas maneras, ya ha comenzado. En el pasado, un juez federal en Estados Unidos ya dejó claro que Guatemala no reúne las condiciones necesarias para considerarse país seguro. Y el procurador de Derechos Humanos de Guatemala, Jordán Rodas, solicitó el lunes un amparo a la Corte Constitucional para frenar la maniobra. Según Rodas, “los acuerdos firmados bajo amenazas no surten efectos legales”. Es de esperar, por el bien del conjunto de la región, que se ponga freno a este nuevo abuso de Estados Unidos.
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