Trump Loses to Reason

Published in El Pais
(Spain) on 24 December 2020
by Javier Sampedro (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Stephen Routledge. Edited by Jamye Sharp.

 

 

Science is an international endeavor, but each country has to contribute according to its wealth

I don’t know which historical periods you would have to research to find a ruler as unreasonable as Donald Trump, the outgoing president of the United States. He began his term attacking the basic principles of journalism, starting with the great newspaper of his own city, The New York Times, and predictably has ended up attacking science itself; denying it, distorting it and needling its representatives, such as the immunologist, Anthony Fauci, his own pandemic adviser. In recent months, Steve Bannon, Trump’s chief strategist during the first year of his term, has even suggested he should behead Fauci and impale his head at the entrance of the White House alongside that of the director of the FBI. Bannon’s comments are more disturbing than a discussion among retired wartime generals, but he represents the kind of people the president has trusted. “Barbarians, ignorants, savages,” as the bard Cacofonix said when they hung him from a tree to stop him from playing the harp.

The numbers, however, reveal that Trump has failed in his offensive against science, or, that perhaps he said one thing but did another, I’m not entirely sure. During his four-year term, the budget of the National Institutes of Health, the world's largest public biomedical research facility, has increased by 33%, Science reports. The Energy Department budget has increased 30%. Funding for NASA and the National Science Foundation has also increased, although to a lesser extent. The 9 billion euros that Trump has invested in vaccine development is rivaled only by China. There are certain trends in the United States that even the leader of the free world cannot buck. That’s a good thing, at least in this case, right?

The ultimate reason for the persistence in stimulating research is purely political. For America’s right and left, Republicans and Democrats, the immense value that science has brought the country is a part of their DNA. This is something which touches me deeply, because the laboratory that put the United States at the forefront of the world, until then dominated by Germany, France and Britain, was that of Thomas Hunt Morgan in New York, the father of drosophila genetics, to which I devoted my youth. A bipartisan consensus was, of course, consolidated with the Manhattan Project to design the atomic bomb, and the consequent preferential treatment of particle physics, from which half our knowledge of the cosmos has been derived. Since the discovery of the double helix of DNA, molecular biology and its biomedical applications have continued to grow in importance for the members of Congress who make decisions about funding. That is why the United States continues to be the world leader in science.

The reason Spain is a marginal scientific player is not that our country’s citizens are especially ignorant, but because we need funding and political intelligence to double or triple our investment in research. Science is an international endeavor, but each country must contribute to the effort in proportion to its wealth. We are very, very far from that.


La ciencia es un empeño internacional, pero cada país tiene que contribuir según su riqueza

No sé a qué periodos históricos habría que remontarse para encontrar un gobernante tan contrario a la razón como el presidente saliente de Estados Unidos, Donald Trump. Empezó por embestir contra los principios básicos del periodismo, empezando por el gran periódico de su propia ciudad, The New York Times, y previsiblemente ha acabado por atacar a la propia ciencia, negándola, retorciéndola y manipulando a sus cabezas visibles, como el inmunólogo Anthony Fauci, su propio asesor pandémico. El jefe de sus estrategas durante el primer año de mandato, Steve Bannon, ha llegado a proponer en estos meses decapitar a Fauci y empalar su cabeza a la entrada de la Casa Blanca, junto a la del director del FBI. Bannon es más perturbador que un chat de militares retirados, pero da una idea del tipo de gente de la que se ha fiado el presidente. Bárbaros, ignorantes, salvajes, como decía el bardo Asurancetúrix cuando le colgaban de un árbol para impedirle tocar el arpa.


Los números, sin embargo, revelan que Trump fracasó en su ofensiva anticientífica. O bien, que decía una cosa y hacía otra, no lo sé. Durante los cuatro años de su legislatura, los presupuestos de los NIH (institutos nacionales de la salud), la mayor maquinaria pública de investigación biomédica del mundo, han aumentado un 33%, informa Science. Los del DOE (departamento de energía) han subido un 30%. También ha aumentado, aunque en menor medida, la financiación de la NASA y la NSF (fundación nacional para la ciencia). Los 9.000 millones de euros que Trump ha invertido en el desarrollo de vacunas solo tienen un posible parangón en China. Hay tendencias en Estados Unidos que no puede doblegar ni el líder del mundo libre. Buena cosa, al menos en este caso, ¿no es cierto?


La razón última de esa perseverancia en el estímulo a la investigación es puramente política. La derecha y la izquierda de Estados Unidos, los republicanos y los demócratas, tienen integrado en su genoma el valor inmenso que la ciencia ha tenido para su país. Esto me toca de cerca, porque el laboratorio que puso a Estados Unidos en la vanguardia mundial, hasta entonces dominada por alemanes, franceses y británicos, fue el de Thomas Morgan en Nueva York, el padre de la genética de Drosophila, a la que dediqué mi remota juventud. El consenso bipartidista, naturalmente, se consolidó con el Proyecto Manhattan para diseñar la bomba atómica, y el consiguiente trato preferencial a la física de partículas, de la que al final ha emergido la mitad de nuestro conocimiento del cosmos. A partir del descubrimiento de la doble hélice del ADN, la biología molecular y sus aplicaciones biomédicas han ido creciendo a ojos de los congresistas que deciden sobre la pasta. Por eso Estados Unidos sigue siendo el líder científico del planeta.


La razón de que España sea un agente científico marginal no es que los ciudadanos de este país sean especialmente torpes, sino que necesitamos fondos e inteligencia política para duplicar o triplicar nuestra inversión en investigación. La ciencia es un empeño internacional, pero cada país tiene que contribuir al esfuerzo en proporción a su riqueza. Estamos muy, muy lejos de eso.
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