Black Swans Are Flocking, and G-7’s Good Days Are at an End!

Published in China Times
(Taiwan) on 16 July 2022
by Shui Binghe (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Matthew McKay. Edited by Michelle Bisson.
With the forced resignation of Boris Johnson and the assassination of Shinzo Abe, the two Group of Seven countries most supportive of the United States and Ukraine have suffered major mishaps. But let us not forget that they are also the two nations that have contributed the most to a century’s worth of disasters for China. The symbolic significance of the two men’s misfortunes is therefore overwhelming. Even though Abe had retired, he was still the leader of the largest faction — the “Abe Faction” — within Japan’s Liberal Democratic Party, and his influence remained extraordinary. After his retirement, he redoubled his efforts to advocate for a revision to Article 9 of the Japanese Constitution (also known as the “Peace Constitution”), thus revealing the militaristic ideology inherited from his war criminal grandfather, Nobusuke Kishi, and fully exposing his concealed anti-centrism during his time in office. His political legacy is that he caused Japan to fall completely in line with U.S. foreign policy.

Johnson has been referred to as “Britain’s Trump.” His middle school teacher once took him to task over his habit of lying, and he was given the sack for fabricating interview answers when he was a journalist, but his fluid prose and his oratorical skills far exceed Donald Trump’s elementary school language abilities. In the end, however, he was driven out of office for his presumptuousness, his lawlessness, his shielding of fellow party members and his failure to address domestic issues.

These two incidents came about so unexpectedly and suddenly that they have become this year’s biggest black swan events.

The loss of a man does not mean major changes to policy, but minor changes will be inevitable. In China, we traditionally like to observe trends, and then see the fate of the nation in light of them. When looking at a situation, we tend to look for sudden events, that is, black swan events, because they are not influenced by people’s subjective will, we do not know why they happen and all that can be said is that fate — or the fate of the nation — is subject to the influence of unseen forces.

If such chance occurrences were random, like lotteries, they would not leave us much room for imagination, nor would they attract our attention, let alone be connected with any trends. However, when such black swan events are concentrated in a certain region or group, they give rise to many associations. This is where we find ourselves at the moment.

In 2016, when Trump was elected president, commentators from around the world called it a black swan event. There is no question that it was a black swan of immense proportions, and that Trump’s emergence completely disrupted the postwar domestic and diplomatic order of the United States. We will not get into that country’s internal affairs, but suffice it to say that last year, having lost the election and refusing to concede defeat, Trump staged a violent coup d’état which, although unsuccessful, reverberates to this day. Recent reports suggest that he may shortly announce his candidacy for the 2024 presidential election, so it is clear that his destructiveness is still very much intact.

On the diplomatic front, as we well know, Trump withdrew the United States from the Trans-Pacific Partnership, the Iran nuclear deal, the Paris climate agreement, the World Health Organization, and others, and he would have withdrawn from NATO had he not been blocked by a powerful establishment. He accused other countries of taking unfair advantage of the United States and then used national security as an excuse to increase tariffs on many countries around the world, whether allies or trading partners, and the multiple trade wars launched against China since March 2018 have been significant contributors to the inflation the United States is currently experiencing. In short, the man’s unorthodox approach has added to the difficulties Joe Biden has faced since taking office.

While the old Chinese saying, “When a nation or family is about to perish, there are sure to be unlucky omens” may be a bit too strong to describe Trump, he was thoroughly bad news for the United States. He applied his habitual bullying tactics from the business world to that of diplomatic relations, causing global discontent and greatly diminishing the goodwill that people internationally generally have toward the United States. Just as the world was wondering how American voters could possibly have elected such an untrustworthy man, COVID-19 — the second black swan — abruptly descended on us. The power of this black swan, coupled with Trump’s inaction, dealt a heavy blow not just to the United States, but to the other six countries in the G-7 as well.

The grim thing about black swan events is that they interact with functioning society, testing that society’s ability to handle them. In the case of COVID-19, its greatest initial victim should have been China. However, for all its flaws, Chinese collectivism was unrivaled in its ability to mobilize the entire population. China contained the virus in the space of two months, making it the least economically devastated major country. But COVID-19 was a targeted attack on the weaknesses of Western liberalism, and we were struck by the fact that there were demonstrations and even violence against the wearing of masks in the United States and in various countries in Europe. Of course, this is a distortion of the concept of freedom, but combined with Trump’s inaction and the dissemination of disinformation, COVID-19 has dealt a heavy blow to the G7 countries.

In 2019, Volodymyr Zelenskyy, a television comedian with no executive experience, like Trump, was elected president of Ukraine. At the time, he could only have been regarded as a black swan of little to no significance, but who would have thought that in 2022 he would become the black swan to turn the tide of the world and possibly be more influential than Trump?

More than four months into the Russian-Ukrainian war, we can clearly see Zelenskyy's power: not only has he plunged all of Ukraine into misery, but he has also brought suffering to the G-7, the European Union and to NATO countries in Europe. According to the latest data, the G-7 countries are experiencing energy shortages and inflation, prices are rising, economies are in recession, deficits are growing, and the Japanese yen, the pound sterling, and the euro are all depreciating. Germany, Europe’s largest exporter and economy, has posted its first trade deficit in 30 years.

Russia, on the other hand, has made a huge profit, posting a surplus of $53 billion in the first quarter, and China and India have followed suit. Bear in mind that the war between Russia and Ukraine is only halfway through, at best, so there is much room yet for things to evolve.

The fates of Abe and Johnson are highly instructive, as they seem to indicate that the comfort Europe and the United States have enjoyed for centuries may be evolving in a different direction.

The author is a director at Taiwan’s US-China Forum


強森被迫辭職,安倍被刺死,G7的兩個最挺美國和烏克蘭的國家出事了。不要忘記,這兩個國家也是對中國百年災難貢獻最大的國家。所以,兩人出事的象徵意義絕對重大。安倍雖然退休,可是他是自民黨中最大一派(安倍派)的領袖,影響力仍然非比一般,而他退休之後加倍努力鼓吹修改和平憲法,暴露了他由他戰犯祖父岸信介處遺傳下來的軍國主義思想,而在任内隱藏的反中心態也暴露無遺。他使日本徹底跟隨美國的外交政策則是他的政治遺產。

強森被稱爲英國的川普,他的中學老師就曾批評他慣於説謊,在擔任記者時期,因製造虛假訪問答復而被炒魷魚,可是此人文筆流暢,發言出口成章,遠超過川普小學水準的語言能力。可是,最後他終要爲他的狂傲、違法、包庇同黨和内政不修而被趕下台來。

這兩人出事的時機極其意外性和突發性使他們成爲今年最大的黑天鵝事件。

人去了,雖不意味政策會大變,可是小變則無可避免。我們中國傳統上喜歡看趨勢,然後從趨勢看國運。看勢就傾向於看突發事件,也就是黑天鵝事件,因爲這些事件不受人們主觀意志的影響,來的時候不知道它爲何而來,只能說是命運,或國運,受到冥冥中的力量影響。

如果這種偶發事件像抽獎,是無序的(random),那麽就不會給我們很大的想像空間,也就不會引起我們的注意,更不要談什麽趨勢了。但是,當這種黑天鵝事件多集中發生在某一個地區,或者某一個集團,那就會引起很多聯想了。當前的情況正是如此。

2016年,當川普當選爲美國總統的時候,全世界的所有評論都說,那是個黑天鵝事件。毫無疑問,它是一隻巨大無比的黑天鵝,他的橫空出世徹底打亂了美國戰後内政與外交的秩序。内政方面就不多說了,只需要指出,去年,他輸了選舉不肯認輸,並且發動了暴力政變,雖然沒有得逞,可是直到今天仍然餘波蕩漾。近期的報導說,他可能於最近宣布參加2024年的總統選舉。可見,他的破壞性遠遠沒有消散。

在外交方面,我們熟知,他退出了:TPP、伊朗禁核協議、巴黎氣候公約、世界衛生組織等。如果不是被强大的建制派擋住,他甚至想退出北約。他指控其他國家都在占美國的便宜,然後用國家安全爲藉口,向全世界許多國家,不管是盟友還是貿易夥伴,增加關稅。2018年3月起,對中國發動的一輪又一輪的貿易戰,對美國的通脹作出不小的貢獻。總之,此人的不按牌理出牌增加了拜登上任之後的諸多困難。

中國的一句老話:國之將亡,必有妖孽,用來形容川普,可能太重了一點,可是對美國而言,他絕對是一個壞消息(bad news)。他把他在商場上慣用的仗勢欺人的手段應用到外交關係上,引起了全世界的不滿,大大削弱了世界各國人民對美國普遍抱有的好感。就在全世界都在懷疑,美國選民怎麽會選出這麽一個不靠譜的人的時候,新冠病毒——第二隻黑天鵝——陡然降臨。這隻黑天鵝的威力,加上川普的不作爲,對美國,以至於對G7中的另外6國,都造成了沉重的打擊。

黑天鵝事件的厲害之處就在於它們會跟正在運行的社會發生逆勢互動,考驗社會處理黑天鵝事件的能力。就以新冠來説,它最初的最大受害者應當是中國。可是,中國的集體主義雖然有這個和那個缺點,但是它發揮全民總動員的能力卻是舉世無匹的。中國在兩個月的時間就控制了新冠,使它是經濟受到最輕打擊的大國。新冠卻精準地攻擊了西方自由主義的弱點。令我們感到奇葩的是,歐美各國都有反對戴口罩的示威游行,甚至出現暴力行動。這當然是對自由觀念的扭曲,然而,加上川普的不作爲和傳播假信息,新冠給予G7國家沉重的打擊。

2019年,澤倫斯基,一名電視喜劇演員,就像川普一樣,沒有任何行政經驗,當選爲烏克蘭總統。當時,他只能算是微不足道的黑天鵝,但是,誰又能想到,在2022年,他成爲扭轉世界大趨勢的,影響力可能還超過川普的黑天鵝呢?

俄烏戰爭打了4個多月之後,我們可以清楚看到澤倫斯基的威力了。他不但把整個烏克蘭搞到生靈塗炭,哀鴻遍野,並且使G7、歐盟和北約的歐洲國家都飽受其害。根據最新公布的資料,G7發達國家受到能源短缺和通膨的影響,物價高漲,經濟都在衰退,赤字不斷增加,日幣、英鎊、歐元狂貶。德國,歐洲的最大出口國和經濟體,出現了30年來首次的貿易赤字。

反過來,俄羅斯卻賺得盆滿缽滿,第一季度的順差高達530億美元。中印也跟著賺。要知道,俄烏戰爭頂多才打到一半,後面還有更大的演變空間。

安倍和強森的下場具有極大的指示性意義,它們似乎告訴我們,歐美諸國幾百年的舒適日子可能正在向另一個方向轉變。

(作者為中美論譠社理事)
This post appeared on the front page as a direct link to the original article with the above link .

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