Made in the USA

Published in Expresso
(Portugal) on 16/06/2008
by João Carlos Espada (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Caroline Stern. Edited by .
On February 2, after the so-called 'Super Tuesday', I wrote here that "the American democracy has once again provided us with an exciting political combat.” I repeat today what I said then, and on greater ground: the two candidates who now confront each other are some of the best that democracy could give us.

The Republican candidate, John McCain, was assumed to be dead and buried only six months ago. In relation to his party, he is a maverick, a politician who thinks for himself and who says what he thinks. He defended the intervention in Iraq, and continues to defend it. He condemned Rumsfeld's visionary utopianism, accusing him of wanting to win the war with technology, but without soldiers. For some time, he has defended the 'surge', which has finally begun to produce results in Iraq. When he is told that defending the war in Iraq will not produce votes, he responds that he would rather lose the election than lose the war.

In domestic politics, he is no less surprising. Against Republican orthodoxy, he supports a sort of amnesty for illegal immigrants, condemns the torture of terrorism suspects, defends reforms in party financing, and, despite being an avid defender of the market system and of free industry, calls for greater ethics in public service and greater dignity within political activity.

McCain's political equivalent in the Democratic Party is Barack Obama. He has been a senator for only three years. He cites Ronald Reagan as a leader who remade political culture, presenting himself as the candidate who today could do the same from the left. He unites support from the 60's counter-culture and a new generation of YouTubers. He controls great sums of money, mainly from small donations. Furthermore, he achieved the feat of defeating the candidate who for the last year had been the shoe-in for the Democratic nomination: Hillary Clinton.

On top of all this, Barack Obama has broken with the culture of victimization often expressed by black Americans. Rarely does he refer to the racial question. In other words, he is not a black candidate; he is a candidate who just happens to be black. This is yet another healthy contrast between himself and Mrs. Clinton, who, especially towards the end of her campaign, spent much of her time saying she was a woman.

I remember that, eight years ago, I used these pages to support John McCain's candidacy, who was then defeated by George W. Bush. Today, he continues to be my favorite, although the result may be impossible to predict at this moment. The really interesting point is that the American democracy has gone back to refuting the legends that intend to describe it as an oligarchy of the so-called "military-industrial complex.” It has been two hundred years since the left-wing revolutionaries and the right-wing reactionaries started speaking of these legends, and for two hundred years the vibrant American democracy has very simply ignored them.


A 2 de Fevereiro, após a chamada 'super terça-feira', escrevi neste espaço que "a democracia americana volta a proporcionar-nos um excitante combate político". Repito hoje o que disse nessa altura, e faço-o por maioria de razão: os dois candidatos agora em confronto são do melhor que a democracia nos pode dar.
O candidato republicano, John McCain, era dado como falido e acabado há apenas seis meses. Partidariamente, é um 'maverick', um político que pensa por si e diz o que pensa. Defendeu a intervenção no Iraque e continua a defendê-la. Condenou o utopismo visionário de Rumsfeld, acusando-o de querer vencer uma guerra com tecnologia e sem soldados. Há muito tempo defende a "surge", que está finalmente a dar resultado no Iraque. Quando lhe dizem que a defesa da guerra no Iraque não rende votos, responde que prefere perder as eleições a perder a guerra.

Em política doméstica, não é menos surpreendente. Contra a ortodoxia republicana, subscreveu uma espécie de amnistia para os imigrantes ilegais; condenou a tortura aos suspeitos de terrorismo; defende reformas no financiamento dos partidos; e, sendo embora um acérrimo defensor do mercado e da empresa livres, preconiza uma ética de serviço público e a dignificação da actividade política.

O equivalente a McCain no partido democrático é Barack Obama. É senador há apenas três anos. Cita Ronald Reagan como um líder que refez a cultura política, apresentando-se como o candidato que hoje pode fazer o mesmo a partir da esquerda. Reúne apoios da contracultura dos anos 60 e da nova geração do YouTube. Dispõe de muito dinheiro, oriundo sobretudo de pequenos donativos. E conseguiu a proeza de derrotar a candidata que ao longo do último ano era dada como certa pelos democratas: Hillary Clinton.

Além de tudo isto, Barak Obama rompe com a cultura de vitimização dos negros americanos: raramente refere a questão racial. Por outras palavras, ele não é um candidato negro; é um candidato que por acaso é negro. Este é mais um saudável contraste com a sra. Clinton que, sobretudo no final da campanha, passou o tempo a dizer que era mulher.

Recordo que, há oito anos, apoiei nestas páginas a candidatura de John McCain, então derrotado por George W. Bush. Continua hoje a ser o meu favorito, embora o resultado seja neste momento imprevisível. Mas o ponto realmente interessante é que a democracia americana volta a refutar as lendas que pretendem descrevê-la como uma oligarquia do chamado "complexo militar-industrial". Há duzentos anos que os revolucionários da esquerda e os reaccionários da direita andam a contar essas lendas. E há duzentos anos que a vibrante democracia americana simplesmente as ignora.
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