Critique on Henry Kissinger’s New Book

Published in China Times
(Taiwan) on 4 July 2011
by Lu I-cheng (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Paul Yuan. Edited by Jenette Axelrod  .
Henry Kissinger, the former U.S. National Security adviser who subsequently became U.S. secretary of State, was the key figure for breaking the 30-year stalemate between China and the United States in 1971 when, on his trip to Pakistan, he pretended to have a stomachache and quickly sneaked into China to meet Chairman Mao and Zhou Enlai. It has been 40 years since then. Kissinger is a German-born U.S. politician who, under the U.S. Constitution, is not eligible for presidency. But his status as an important leader in one of the world’s largest nations should be quite personally fulfilling.

In retrospect, after 40 years, both nations have changed leadership six or seven times. President Nixon, who greatly treasured Kissinger, resigned after the Watergate scandal. Thereafter, Ford, Carter, Reagan, Bush Senior, Clinton, Bush Junior and Obama succeeded as leaders. After seven presidents, time has changed everything, including the debt pile the United States has accumulated over the years. The United States is no longer the “empire” it used to be.

Similarly, China has had its ups and downs and is not the same as before. Excluding the “Gang of Four,” China has changed leadership multiple times from Chairman Mao, Liu Shaoqi, Soong Ching-ling (few remembered she was chairman), Dong Biwu, Li Xiannian, Yang Shangkun, Jiang Zemin, to today’s Hu Jintao. Eight leaders have changed hands since Kissinger last visited China, and this is something he can boast about on the 40th anniversary of his initial visit.

The United States and China cannot reverse the toll of time, but Kissinger’s thick skin allowed him to make continuous visits and endure the challenges encountered in China. Upon invitation, he rarely missed an opportunity, and in the past 40 years, he visited China 50 times. Not surprisingly, his recent book was named “On China.” The book is 586 pages, priced at $36. Amazon.com probably sells it for half the price.

The book was published on May 15, over a month ago. A translation can be expected soon because of the competitive nature of Taiwan’s publishers. Quick-minded publishers will soon license the book from Penguin and split it among translators.

It was through Max Frankel of The New York Times that I read the review on Kissinger’s book. He was executive editor of The Sunday Post and a columnist. He won the Pulitzer Prize for reporting on Nixon’s icebreaking visit to China. No person is more suitable for writing a review for Kissinger’s book, “On China,” than the 81-year-old Max Frankel.

Putting aside Frankel, let us return to Kissinger, who is an 88-year-old man, born in 1923. His Nobel Peace Prize was taken with a grain of salt by the Taiwanese loyal to the Republic of China. But Frankel spoke a few just words for him about his ability to organize strategic concepts and his focus on real problems, not on conflicts, hatreds and fears.

Frankel pointed out that in 1972, the Chinese were quite repulsive toward the U.S. — their intervention with the Communist Party, KMT conflicts and their attitudes of superiority and criticism for the lack of human rights, democracy and religious freedom in China. But Kissinger was able to find a compromise between mutual benefit and mutual destruction. He was able to find the threat that the Soviets were imposing on China and the United States.

Kissinger’s strategic concept, in his own words, is “that China and the United States would find a way to come together was inevitable given the necessities of the time.” Is this an unbreakable statute? Frankel’s commentary was exactly on these points.

International relations sometimes develop in parallel: Nixon greatly suffered from the anti-Vietnam War efforts; China suffered from the Tiananmen Square protest, both disproving Mao’s perpetual revolution theory. Prior, the United States and China had a common enemy — the Soviets. Therefore, their alliance was inevitable. However, history evolves through day-to-day, naturally occurring events. Kissinger’s prior strategic concept on “inevitability” turns out to be no longer true. What’s the time now?

To remind readers that times have changed, Frankel paraphrases Kissinger’s book: Today’s headlines are China’s strong economic growth and its position as the world’s industrial powerhouse. In comparison, the prior glory of the Soviets and their Eastern European allies has already collapsed. The U.S. is also dangerously addicted to foreign oil, goods and credit.

Under the Hu-Wen administration, Kissinger praises China for focusing on economic development, all else considered, and remains content with its historical frontier, willing to await a peaceful reunion with Taiwan. Beijing is now solely focused on economics to improve the nation’s living standard. Frankel willfully teases Kissinger, saying that he has long considered democracy to be a burden on statecraft.
 
Kissinger has in fact said this before: Democracy is a less-important piece in a global chess match. Last Wednesday, June 28, he went to Beijing again to meet Xi Jinping. I hope he did not say such discouraging words to China’s future leaders.



陸以正專欄-季辛吉新著遭譏評
2011-07-04 中國時報 【陸以正】

 人人都知道,曾任白宮國家安全顧問,後來做到美國國務卿的季辛吉,是打破美中僵持三十餘年關係的功臣。一九七一年他先到巴基斯坦,假稱肚子痛,卻溜到大陸去見毛澤東和周恩來,到今天已經四十年。他在德國出生,依照美國憲法,沒資格當總統,但可謂一人之下,萬人之上,也該滿足了。

 今日回顧,相隔四十年後,兩國領導人後浪推前浪,各自也更換過六、七次。在美國,賞識季辛吉的尼克森,因水門案風波下台。此後歷經福特、卡特、雷根、老布希、柯林頓、小布希、到今天的歐巴馬,經過了七位總統。時移境遷,今天美國負債累累,已非當年傲視全球的「美帝」可比了。

 同樣地,中國大陸亦幾度你上我下,無復舊日面貌。即使不把「四人幫」算進去,歷經毛澤東、劉少奇、宋慶齡(很多人忘記她確曾擔任過「中華人民共和國主席」,儘管只是虛銜)、董必武、李先念、楊尚昆、江澤民、到今天的胡錦濤,也換過八位。真可謂物是人非。今年恰巧是季辛吉初次去大陸的四十周年,他自然不肯放過自吹自擂的機會。

 美中兩國都歷經滄桑,唯有季辛吉老著臉皮,每年都去大陸訪問。只要有人邀請,不管生張熟魏,有請必到,四十年來總共超過五十次之多。所以他最近出版的著作,書名只有兩個字,就叫《On China》,可譯為《論中國》。全書五百八十六頁,精裝本定價美金卅六元。內行人可上Amazon.com書店網站,大約半價就能買到了。

 本書五月十五日發行,至今才一個多月。以台灣出版界競爭之劇烈,腦筋動得快的書店,相信已在找企鵝書屋(Penguin Books)剛出版的原書。甚至把它撕成幾塊找幾名翻譯匠趕工,同時與出版商交涉授權,中譯本可能很快就會問世。

 我是在《紐約時報》周末版書評副刊上,讀到該報名記者佛蘭克爾(Max Frankel)執筆的書評。他做過《紐約時報》的星期日版主編、社論版主編和執行總編輯。一九七二年尼克森去大陸的破冰之旅,報館就是派他隨行採訪的,因而得到普立茲新聞獎(Pulitzer Prize)。佛蘭克爾現在也八十一歲了,季辛吉的《論中國》,由他來寫書評,可謂不做第二人想。

 別說佛蘭克爾,季辛吉生於一九二三年,現在也八十八歲了。他雖然因此得到諾貝爾和平獎,台灣所有認同中華民國的人,對他難免心懷不滿。但佛蘭克爾倒說了幾句公道話。他指出:季辛吉的長處,在於能整理出一套自成體系的「戰略觀念(strategic concepts)」,抓住問題重點,而把兩造歷史悠久的衝突、仇恨與恐懼暫時放在一邊。

 佛蘭克爾指出:一九七二年時,大陸人對美國有很大的反感,不只因為美國曾以武力干涉國共鬥爭,而且非常討厭美國整天擺出一副優越的模樣,批評中國不准許民主自由、不尊重個人權利與不容許宗教信仰等等。但季辛吉偏能在兩國外交政策的眾多矛盾中,找出雙方和則兩蒙其利,分則兩敗俱傷的路|就是前蘇聯對美、中兩國的威脅。

 季辛吉的戰略觀念,用書中他自己的話,就是「中、美兩國不管什麼人執政,遲早必然會結合在一起,只是時間問題。(That China and the United States would find a way to come together was inevitable given the necessities of the time.)」。但這句話會是顛撲不破的真理嗎?佛蘭克爾評論老季新書的重點,正在於此。

 國際關係偶爾有平行發展的時候。尼克森在國內反對越戰運動中,受創甚重。大陸則有天安門事件,證明老毛所謂的永恆革命論,根本站不住腳。世界歷史天天循著自然發展的軌道演變,季辛吉所說的「時間問題」,早已面目全非。現在是什麼時間呢?

 佛蘭克爾引用季辛吉書裡的話,老實不客氣地指出:今日最熱門的新聞,是中國大陸的急速發展,成為世界經濟的火車頭。相形之下,前蘇聯和它在東歐的附庸集團,早已垮台。今天即使是美國,也像染上了鴉片煙癮,必須倚靠從國外進口原油、向大陸買日用百貨與不斷向外借債,才能維持收支平衡。

 季辛吉對大陸的胡溫體制推崇備至,他說今日中國一切以經濟為先,既無意於對外擴張,也願意耐心等候與台灣和平統一。北京只想全力振興經濟,提高全國人民的生活水準。佛蘭克爾忍不住調侃老季說,你不是一直認為從戰略觀點看,民主只是一種累贅嗎?

 老季確實這麼說過:所謂民主,在國際一盤棋裡,無足輕重。上周三即六月廿八日,他又到了北京,習近平接見他。我猜測他不會向大陸內定的接班人,講這類喪氣話。
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