Apple’s Ex-CEO May Not Be America’s Blessing

Published in Sina
(China) on 9 October 2011
by Wang Xiaodong (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Liangzi He. Edited by Janie Boschma.
In the past two days, China’s Internet and other media are all mourning for the death of Steve Jobs, and the degree of painfulness seems to have surpassed American media. There’s no doubt that Jobs is an extremely intelligent person: He invented practical products when he was young and he brought addictive entertainment products to the world before his death. Because in Chinese tradition, the deceased should be respected, if I have some inharmonious voice, people may accuse me of being disrespectful to the great person, especially those fans of Apple. It’s better for me to keep silence, not saying anything different. However, at the moment of Chinese people’s condolence for Jobs, we may do something wrong, which is a directional mistake. I need to clear things up while people are concerned about this.

The problem starts in a Microblog written by “Wuhan road,” who wrote that Jobs’ personal success was a good footnote to America’s downturn. The market value of Apple exceeded Rockefeller’s Mobil, and its cash flow was more than that of the U.S. government, which didn’t indicate industrial upgrade and social vitality, instead, America’s decadence and abyss of consumerism were shown. At the moment of people taking over Wall Street, the ex-CEO of the company with the largest market value died at the right time, what could he see if he lived for another 20 years?

Those words probably would irritate a lot of people, and I need to explain something here. Kevin Kelly’s Out of Control is a well-known book, which has influenced Jobs deeply. This book cited Harvard Business Review that Apple’s microprocessor was bought from Synertek, and other chips were from Hitachi, Texas Instrument and Motorola, and the monitor was from Hitachi and the charger was from Aspen Tektronix, and the printer was from Tokyo Electron, etc. In the same way, through outsourcing its application software to Microsoft, its market promotion to McKenna Consultants, its product design to Frog Design, its distribution to ITT Industrial Group and ComputerLand, Apple has decreased its internal transactional service and capital input to the minimum.

Out of Control was written 20 years ago, but the situation has changed recently. For example, Apple has relied to a large extent on Foxconn, but that description was still true mostly. We must admit that Jobs is a very smart person and Apple is very successful, but such a phenomenon in a country has a fundamental problem. When IBM was at the summit of its power, Apple’s rise was icing on the cake for the country, but when the market values of Apple and Microsoft have exceeded that of IBM, it’s not no longer good for the country, instead, it’s the sign of a country’s depression. The reasoning is simple: if basic developers are decreased and the amount of money available decreases, how can creative ideas be realized?

Some people say that no figure like Jobs is in China is because of its rigid system, that China’s education has cut the throat of creativity. Wrong! The real reason why China has no Jobs is that China has no IBM, China’s military expenses are less than America's. Therefore, our potential Jobs or Gates does not have the opportunity to play with those things, so they didn’t grow into them. Then why doesn't China have an IBM and why are its military expenses “small”? That’s because in the past years, China’s steel production was much less than that of America. Today, China’s crude steel production is 8 times that of America's. It’s only a matter of time before the next Jobs and Gates appear in China after we have our own IBM and NASA, as long as we are not fooled by Apple’s legend and remain grounded.

Some commentators joked that Jobs’ greatness lied in the fact that he provided a relaxing, good-for-all-ages “toy” in a people-enslaved-by-money society. However, the toy is upgrading too fast under the push of money, so Jobs dared not to see the end of it and passed away. Perhaps it’s not that terrible in the U.S., because IBM recovered to some extent though it cannot catch up with Apple, but it has finally exceeded Microsoft. In January 2000, IBM’s market value was only one-third of Microsoft’s. Good luck to America, however, the downturn is inevitable. Jobs said that death was the best invention of life; the new can’t come if the old doesn't go. From a historical view, this is not only true of a person, but also of a country.


王小东:“苹果老大”未必就是美国之福
http://www.sina.com.cn 2011年10月09日10:15 环球时报 微博

  王小东

  这两天,中国的互联网和其他媒体,都在痛悼乔布斯的辞世,那种沉痛程度好像超过了美国媒体。乔布斯无疑是顶级聪明人,他在自己的青年时代,便给世人带来实用的产品,而在自己行将离开这个世界时,带给更多的世人让他们着迷的娱乐。更何况,中国的观念是死者为大,如果我在这里发出一些不和谐音,很容易被认为是对一个伟大死者的不敬,被众多“果粉”痛恨。我最好是保持沉默,不在这个敏感时刻说三道四。然而,在中国全民对于乔布斯的沉痛悼念中,我们会搞错一些东西,而且是方向性的东西,必须在大家都还很关心这件事的时候说清楚。

  事情先从署名“武汉的小路”当日的一则微博说起:“乔布斯个人的成功是美国衰落的一个很好注脚。他的苹果市值超过洛克菲勒留下的美孚,现金流超过美国政府,说明的不是产业升级和社会活力,而是美国的衰败和消费主义深渊的无底。在占领华尔街的民意汹涌的今日,市值最大公司的前CEO死去,死得正是时候,乔布斯再活20年会看到什么呢?”这段话会引起很多人出于感情的愤怒,我在这里稍稍解释一下。凯文·凯里的《失控》是一本著名的书,乔布斯本人也深受其影响。该书引用《哈佛商业评论》告诉我们:“苹果的微处理器是从Synertek买的,其他芯片则来自日立、德州仪器和摩托罗拉,显示器是日立的,电源是阿斯泰克的,打印机来自东京电子和奎茂。同样,通过把应用软件的研发外包给微软、市场推广外包给麦金纳顾问公司、产品设计外包给青蛙设计公司、配送外包给ITT工业集团和ComputerLand,苹果公司最大限度地降低了内部的事务性服务和资本投入。”

  《失控》是20年前写的,现在的情况有所变化,比如今天的苹果在很大程度上更依赖富士康,但这个描绘大致上还是适用的。应该说,作为个人,乔布斯是非常聪明的,作为公司,苹果是非常成功的,但如果把这种方式放大到一个国家,则存在着根本性的问题。在IBM如日中天的时候,苹果的崛起属于锦上添花,为国家之福;而当你看到苹果乃至微软的市值超过,甚至远远超过IBM时,这就不是国家之福,而是国家衰落的标志了。这个道理很简单:做基础开发的人少了、钱没了,今后拿什么东西去实现你那聪明的创意?

  有人说,中国没有出乔布斯是因为中国制度不够开放,中国的教育扼杀了创造性。错!中国之所以出不了乔布斯,是因为中国没有IBM,中国的军费不到美国的零头。所以,我们的潜在的乔布斯、盖茨从小就没有玩那些东西的机会,所以,也就玩不出乔布斯、盖茨。而中国为什么没有IBM,军费不到美国的零头?那是因为在过去的很长时间里,中国的钢产量比美国少一到两个零。今天,中国的粗钢产量已经是美国的8倍,只要假以时日,并且不被苹果的神话所忽悠,老老实实走先炼钢发电,然后IBM、NASA,中国自会涌现出更多的乔布斯、盖茨。

  有评论家戏言:乔布斯的伟大在于———在一个钱奴役人的社会里,提供了一个缓解焦虑、老少皆宜的玩具。只是这个玩具在金钱的驱使下升级太快,所以老乔不忍看到最终结局离去了。也许美国没这么惨吧!因为IBM在一定程度上又回来了:它虽然未能赶上苹果,但终于又超过了微软。而在2000年1月时,IBM的市值只有微软的1/3。祝美国好运,然而,其衰落还是必然的。乔布斯说过:死亡是生命最好的发明,旧的不去,新的不来。以历史的眼光看,这不仅于个人是对的,于国家也对。▲(作者是北京知名学者)
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