Misuse of Censorship in the US

Published in Le Monde
(France) on 4 April 2012
by Claudine Mulard (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Cynthia Perez. Edited by Lydia Dallett.
There is no exact translation in French for the word bully. The English term is both a noun referring to a person who uses force and intimidation to boss others around, and a verb, to bully, which means to bring on suffering to one’s victims by use of intimidation, vexation and harassment.

Now there's the film, “Bully” (nothing to do with the film of the same name directed by Larry Clark in 2001). This documentary by Lee Hirsch follows the lives of youth suffering from persecution in a school setting, to the point that two of them commit suicide. The director, himself a victim of bullying, wanted to make parents and educators aware of the lot of these children and teenagers who live a daily hell. He incidentally set off a storm in online social networks, calling into question Hollywood's censorship system once again.

Despite the absence of violent images, “Bully” was rated R by the Motion Picture Association of America, the corporate organization responsible for rating the films shown in most commercial cinemas. The R rating prevents those who are under 17 and unaccompanied by an adult from seeing it, depriving the target audience.

So why does “Bully” have an R rating? Because the "F-word" can be heard six times; this is more than the two allowed by the MPAA. For the director, who filmed during the 2009-2010 school year in Oklahoma, Mississippi, Iowa, Montana and Georgia, "The small amount of language in the film that's responsible for the R rating is there because it's real. It's what the children who are victims of bullying face on most days."

Coming out of a screening organized in Washington by the MPAA, Lee Hirsch shouted at its president, former Senator Christopher Dodd, "(People) believe in the system, but the system is letting them down.”

The decision was also contested by the Weinstein Company, the distributor of “Bully,” whose president, Harvey Weinstein, has long been considered one of the worst bullies of the movie industry. It is partly a sign of repentance that Harvey Weinstein is making “Bully” a personal fight. The distributor of “The Artist” in the United States decided to release the film without a rating, making it susceptible to boycotts from numerous cinema owners and certain media that refuse to advertise "NR" or non-rated films.

Petitions

The film has received support from public figures as diverse as Johnny Depp, Meryl Streep, Justin Bieber and Hugh Jackman. Microsoft is using its search engine, Bing, to promote the documentary. This "R" has above all launched a large movement in online social networks. Katy Butler, a high school student from Michigan, started a petition for “Bully” to be rated PG-13, which would allow the admission of unaccompanied teenagers. To date, more than 520,000 signatures have been collected.

ArcLight Cinema on Hollywood Boulevard, Los Angeles, is one of the five American movie theaters where “Bully” premiered without a rating on Mar. 30. The film is being handled as if it were rated PG-13. In the two AMC movie theaters (the second largest cinema chain in the U.S.) that are showing “Bully,” teenagers can see it, provided they have a note from their parents. During the same weekend, being at least 13 years old was enough to see “The Hunger Games” without a hindrance, a film in which teenagers kill each other.


Du mauvais usage de la censure

Il n'existe pas de traduction française exacte pour bully. Le terme anglais est à la fois un nom, qui désigne celui ou celle qui impose sa loi par la force et l'intimidation, et un verbe, to bully, qui veut dire contraindre par les intimidations, brimades et harcèlements que les victimes subissent de la part des bullies.
Voici maintenant le film, Bully (qui n'a rien à voir avec son homonyme, réalisé par Larry Clark en 2001). Le documentaire de Lee Hirsch suit plusieurs cas de jeunes persécutés en milieu scolaire, au point que deux d'entre eux se suicident. Le cinéaste, lui-même victime de bullying, voulait sensibiliser parents et éducateurs sur le sort de ces enfants ou adolescents qui vivent un enfer quotidien. Il a incidemment déclenché une tempête sur les réseaux sociaux, remettant une nouvelle fois en cause le système de censure hollywoodien.
Malgré l'absence d'images violentes, Bully a été classé "R", par la Motion Picture Association of America (MPAA), l'organisme corporatif chargé de classifier les films exploités dans la plupart des salles commerciales. Le classement "R" interdit un film aux moins de 17 ans non accompagnés par un adulte et prive Bully du public auquel il était destiné.
Pourquoi un "R" à Bully ? On entend six fois le mot fuck, ce qui dépasse la limite de deux fuck tolérée par la MPAA. Pour le réalisateur, qui a tourné au cours de l'année scolaire 2009-2010, dans l'Oklahoma, le Mississippi, l'Iowa, le Montana, la Géorgie : "Quelques mots de langage cru dans le film nous valent ce "R", pourtant ça se passe exactement ainsi, ce sont les mots que les enfants harcelés entendent." A l'issue d'une projection organisée à Washington par la MPAA, Lee Hirsch a apostrophé son président, l'ancien sénateur Christopher Dodd : "Ce système de classification laisse tomber les gens et ne les protège pas."
La décision a été aussitôt contestée par la Weinstein Company, distributeur de Bully, dont le président, Harvey Weinstein, a longtemps été considéré comme l'un des pires bullies de l'industrie cinématographique. C'est en partie en signe de repentance qu'Harvey Weinstein a fait de Bully l'un de ses combats personnels. Le distributeur de The Artist aux Etats-Unis a décidé de sortir le film sans classification, ce qui l'expose au boycott de nombreux exploitants et de certains médias qui refusent la publicité de films "NC" (non classified).
Pétitions
Le film a reçu le soutien de personnalités aussi diverses que Johnny Depp, Meryl Streep, Justin Bieber ou Hugh Jackman. Microsoft a mis son moteur de recherche Bing au service de la promotion du documentaire. Ce "R" a surtout déclenché un vaste mouvement sur les réseaux sociaux. Katy Butler, une lycéenne du Michigan, a lancé une pétition demandant que Bully soit classé "PG13" (autorisé aux adolescents non accompagnés). A ce jour, elle a recueilli plus de 520 000 signatures.
Le cinéma Arclight, sur Hollywood Boulevard, à Los Angeles, est l'une des cinq salles américaines dans lesquelles Bully est sorti sans classification le 30 mars. On y traite le film comme s'il était classé "PG13". Dans les deux salles de la chaîne AMC (la deuxième des Etats-Unis) qui proposent Bully, les adolescents peuvent entrer avec un mot de leurs parents. Ce même week-end, il suffisait d'avoir 13 ans pour voir sans entraves Hunger Games, dans lequel des adolescents s'entre-tuent.

This post appeared on the front page as a direct link to the original article with the above link .

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