The Temptations of Terrorism

Published in La Nacion
(Chile) on 7 January 2013
by Raúl Sohr (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Brian Perez. Edited by Kathleen Weinberger  .
The tragic death of two farmers in Araucania, who were burned in an attack by hooded assailants, has sparked a wave of indignation.

The seriousness of the act, in any case, does not absolve the authorities of an impartial analysis of the phenomenon. It is a basic requirement in overcoming a conflict to have a correct diagnosis of the nature of the problem. Here, things are going in the wrong direction, judging by the words of Andrés Chadwick, minister of the interior, who stated: "The fight against terrorism in the world is not easy, but we will fight, and we will find them wherever they are.“

Equating what happens in Araucania to combating terrorism on a global scale is the first step in the wrong direction. The use of terrorist methods (because that's what it really is about) in the manner of armed clandestine struggles varies greatly from one country to another. Consequently, there is no crusade against it, nor will there be

Pretending that what Araucania lives with now bears some resemblance to the fight against jihadism is not living in reality. The jihadists, who are a tiny minority in the Islamic world, do not recognize the legitimacy of temporary power. God alone, through his exegetes who serve as leaders, is the source of legitimacy. Imbued with messianic vision, terrorism has developed two unique characteristics: suicidal vocation and the will to cause as many deaths as possibles so that they can be characterized as catastrophic because of it.

It is necessary to keep things in perspective: You cannot compare the fire of a manor house to the hijacking of planes that are meant to be crashed into inhabited buildings.

The United States, meanwhile, has suffered the consequences of applying the wrong strategy against jihadism. Terrorism, after the attacks of 9/11, was elevated by President George W. Bush to the highest priority level among the threats facing his country. The twin towers and the Pentagon were still smoldering when Bush announced "the first war of the century." No one could know whom this war would be fought against. As the dust cleared and al-Qaeda claimed responsibility for the attacks, it was evident that this war was not possible. In 2001, the United States began the war in Afghanistan, which it’s still trying to get out of. In 2003, it invaded Iraq, noting that it had weapons of mass destruction that could fall into the hands of a terrorist organization. The misinterpretation of that phenomenon led to the United States fighting the two longest wars in its history, with enormous human and material costs, along with poor policy outcomes. The Taliban are healthy and al-Qaeda still operates in Iraq, Syria and other countries.

To invoke the specter of terrorism in Chile simply to win international approval and justify emergency measures will not make things easier. The most effective way to resolve a dispute over a century old is to study its roots. Using the vast resources of the State, under the legislation applied to everyone, the country, with the cooperation of the public, should delegitimize and prohibit the use of terrorist methods. But above all it should listen to those ancestral claims and repair a historic debt that leeches down through generations.


La trágica muerte de dos agricultores calcinados en la Araucanía, en un ataque protagonizado por agresores encapuchados, ha despertado una ola de indignación.

La gravedad del hecho, en todo caso, no exime a las autoridades de un análisis desapasionado del fenómeno. Es requisito básico para superar un conflicto contar con un diagnóstico correcto sobre la naturaleza del problema. En este sentido las cosas van por mal rumbo a juzgar por las palabras de Andrés Chadwick, ministro del Interior, que declaró: “La lucha contra el terrorismo en el mundo no es fácil, pero la vamos a dar y los vamos a perseguir donde estén…”.

Equiparar lo que ocurre en la Araucanía con la lucha contra el terrorismo a escala mundial es un primer paso en falso. La utilización del método terrorista, porque de eso se trata, de formas de lucha armada clandestina, varía enormemente de un país a otro. En consecuencia no hay, ni habrá una cruzada para ese fin.

Pretender que lo que vive la Araucanía guarda alguna semejanza con la lucha contra el yihadismo no corresponde a la realidad. Los yihadistas, que constituyen una minoría insignificante del mundo islámico, no reconocen la legitimidad del poder temporal. Sólo Dios, a través de sus exégetas que son los caudillos, es la fuente de legitimidad. Imbuidos de una visión mesiánica han desarrollado un terrorismo con dos características peculiares: la vocación suicida y la voluntad de causar el mayor número de muertes posible, por lo que se les ha caracterizado como catastrofistas.

Es necesario guardar las proporciones: no se puede meter en un mismo saco el incendio de una casa patronal con el secuestro de aviones para estrellarlos contra edificios habitados.

Estados Unidos, por su parte, ha sufrido las consecuencias de aplicar una estrategia equivocada frente al yihadismo. El terrorismo, luego de los atentados del 11-S-2001, fue elevado por el Presidente George W. Bush al primer lugar entre las amenazas que enfrentaba su país. Todavía humeaban los restos de las Torres Gemelas y el Pentágono cuando Bush anunció “la primera guerra del siglo XXI”. Ello pese a que a escasas horas de los atentados nadie tenía muy claro contra quiénes se libraría esta guerra. A medida que despejó la niebla y Al Qaeda reclamó la autoría de los ataques fue evidente que no era posible tal guerra. Estados Unidos inició, en 2001, la guerra en Afganistán de la cual aun intenta salir. En 2003 invadió Irak señalando que disponía de armas de destrucción masiva que podían caer en manos de alguna organización terrorista. La equivocada lectura del fenómeno llevó a Estados Unidos a librar las dos guerras más largas de su historia con enormes costos humanos y materiales y pobres resultados políticos. Los talibanes gozan de buena salud y Al Qaeda opera en Irak, Siria y otros países.

Invocar en Chile el fantasma del terrorismo para ganar aprobación internacional y justificar medidas de excepción no facilitará las cosas. El camino más eficaz para resolver una disputa más que centenaria es estudiar sus raíces. Utilizar los vastos recursos del Estado, en el marco de la legislación aplicada a todos los habitantes el país, junto a la cooperación de la ciudadanía para deslegitimar y vedar el empleo del método terrorista. Pero, por sobre todo, escuchar reivindicaciones ancestrales y reparar una deuda histórica que se arrastra de generación en generación.
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