America Not Yet at the Fiscal Cliff – But Wait, Just Wait

Published in Huanqiu Daily
(China) on 7 January 2013
by Shen Ding Li (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Chase Coulson. Edited by Rachel Smith.
Although the U.S. Congress has formally approved the “fiscal cliff” solution, keeping the American economy from sliding off the cliff for the time being, two big problems have yet to be solved, and America’s financial health remains uncertain.

For quite awhile now, America has had some pretty unhealthy financial policies, including overspending, undertaxation, excessive overdrafting, writing IOUs, overprinting paper notes and relying too much on credit. The reason for this is that the U.S. has propped itself up with an inflated worldwide mission and assumed too great a financial burden, which is beyond its ability to take on.

Due to the international currency reserves of the U.S. dollar — and its singular privilege, that of printing U.S. dollars to finance its aims — America has a unique set of financial tactics at its disposal. This enables it to shift its own financial burden throughout the world, despite the fact that it is simultaneously eroding the financial supremacy of the country. The so-called “fiscal cliff” is the result of a long-term financial imbalance. America is now facing quite a predicament that will be a knotty task to rectify.

For a number of years, America might not have been able to make ends meet financially but was not insolvent by any stretch of the imagination. The American government is in control of massive public assets and is a long way from selling off those assets to repay the debts. The American federal government expenditures are enormous, having reached 24 percent of the total GDP. The American GDP is first in the world. The average American's GDP is also sitting among the top-tier of the world, and the American government's revenue is only 15 percent of the total GDP. Obviously, the wealth of the American government lies in the hands of the people. So the fiscal disparity is a false dichotomy. America is flush with cash; it's just that its quest to be in charge of global affairs has led to the federal government's cash crunch.

Being that the U.S. has long refused to implement a universal health care system like those already in place in Japan, Australia and Europe, then why the fiscal imbalance? The answer is as plain as day — it's the result of America's half-man/half-God national philosophy. America is a secular nation, while 80 percent of the nation is religious, and what's more, most believe in the one God of the Bible. From the time of its founding, Christians have been in control of the White House. Because it believes in divine right, the quest to be the boss has become standard operating procedure in its dealing with foreign countries, especially in the past couple of centuries, and the 2003 Iraq War is just America at the top of its game.

Raising taxes and cutting expenditures are the two great monoliths staring the American government in the face. Even if it were to raise taxes next year, the federal government's overall spending would still be reduced, and military spending would bear the brunt of budget cuts. Circa Y2K, the American GDP stood at approximately US$10 trillion, and military spending was approximately $2.8 trillion. Flash forward to 2011: America's GDP had improved to approximately $15 trillion, while military spending increased to $5.6 trillion. In order to finance military operations like the Iraq War, the country has no qualms about incurring massive debts. America's simultaneous expansion of influence and responsibilities has set the stage for today's “fiscal cliff.”

In 2011, America introduced deep cuts in military spending, and this is something that the country is afraid to maintain for long. Yet, military-spending cuts notwithstanding, America's military budget is still more than five times that of China, and American assertions will constitute quite a challenge.

Even if the American government takes measures to increase revenue and cut expenditures, federal spending will be cut somewhat, and this is not completely negative by any means. The American government will definitely have to whittle down military spending and as a consequence lose some of its ability to assert its influence worldwide; and this would represent something of an upbeat note in an otherwise somber tune.

America is facing new thresholds in its national debt and will not be able to loan money to whomever it wants. Although some opportunities to create domestic lending policies and investments might slip through its fingers, at least it will bring some peace of mind to a country fearing an inability to repay the debts. By raising taxes, America will acquire more financial resources, and it will reduce the need for further rounds of “quantitative easing.”

Even if for now there is no fiscal landslide, no matter how much the U.S. decides to raise taxes, there will be some spending cuts, of that we can be sure. America has been running in the red for quite a number of years now, and bringing about a financial balance depends on a shot in the arm to the national debt. Yet, pulling its national economy out of the doldrums has to originate from its real economy.

The American federal spending cuts and economic stimulus reductions that shattered the nation’s collective confidence, at least in the short term, will affect China's national economy in the long run. The interaction between the American and Chinese economies will occur in America's private sector. In fact, the constraints that will be placed on the U.S. economy resulting from the “fiscal cliff” will actually be short-term. Just suppose the country slides off the “fiscal cliff,” and it is forced to balance the budget — the development of a fiscally responsible America would still be a quite a welcome sight. And the long-term benefits it would bring would be more than a sight for sore eyes.



虽然美国国会正式批准的“财政悬崖”解决方案,使美国经济暂时避免了“坠崖”,但两大问题仍然没有得到根本解决,美国政府仍然没有“过关”。

  美国长期以来执行了不良财政政策,表现在开支过大,征税不足,入不敷出,寅吃卯粮,滥印美元,透支信用。美国之所以如此,是由于它自诩了过高的全球使命,承担了超出能力的财政负担。由于美元的国际储备货币特性以及美国独特的美元铸币权,美国因此也就具有了特殊的金融手段在世界范围转嫁其经济负担,尽管这也必然在同时销蚀其在国际社会的金融霸权。“财政悬崖”是美国在长期面临财政失衡的情况下出现的纠偏困境。


但美国政府连年入不敷出,却未资不抵债。美国政府有着庞大的公共资产,它还远未需要出售国有资产来偿还债务。美国联邦政府开支巨大,达GDP24%。美国GDP名列世界第一,人均GDP也在世界上名列前茅,而美国政府收入仅占GDP的15%。可见美国政府藏富于民。所以美国差钱是个伪命题,美国作为国家十分多金,只是美国奉行全球霸权才导致联邦政府缺钱。

既然美国长期以来不像日澳欧诸国那样实行普惠医疗保障等福利制度,那么它为什么还是财政失衡呢?答案很清楚———由于美国半人半神的国家理念。美国是个世俗国家,但八成民众却信教,而且多数笃信基督教的一神。自美国建国以来,基督教新教徒一直把持白宫。由于其信奉君权神授,谋求全球霸权就成了美国对外政策的常态,特别是最近一个多世纪以来,那场2003年的伊拉克战争则更是登峰造极。

增税和减支仍然是横在美国政府面前的两大顽石。即使美国明年增税,但联邦总开支仍将缩小,首当其冲的将是美国国防开支被砍。2000年,美国GDP约为10万亿美元,军费为2800亿美元,而2011年,美国GDP增至约15万亿美元,美国军费却增加到5600亿美元。正是为了伊拉克战争等军事行动,美国才不惜每年债台高筑。美国过度的全球扩张以及担当,才是今日美国“财政悬崖”的背景。2011年美国已对军费狠砍一刀,这种局面美国恐怕还要维持多年。但被削之后,美国的现行军费仍是我国的五倍以上,美国霸权仍对我国构成相当挑战。


即使美国政府施行增收节支措施,美国联邦开支仍将有所减少,这并非纯粹消极。美国政府将因此削减一些军费,失去一些在世界范围实施霸权的能力,这对世界可能是件好事。美国政府面临新的国债上限,将不能为所欲为地向世界借钱。他国虽失去对美放款投资的机会,但也减少了因此担心美国无力偿还的烦恼。美国政府通过加税将获更多财政资源,也将减少它出台更多“量化宽松”的必要。

  即使“悬崖”暂时不落下,也即使美国再怎么加税,美国的公共财政支出还将有所减少。美国连年预算赤字,实现账目平衡须靠国债注血。由此拉动他国经济,但非源于美国的实体经济。但由于美国联邦开支减少,政府推动的经济活动减少,民众的短期信心减少,都将影响我国经济。不过,中美经济互动更多发生在美国私有经济层面。实际上,“悬崖”对美国经济的抑制只是短期的。就算“悬崖”落下迫使美国政府量入为出,这也不啻打造一个财政更负责任的美国,从中长期看对世界不无有利。
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