Let Chinese Infants Drink American Milk

Published in Southern Weekend
(China) on 8 March 2013
by Wuli (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Bion Johnson. Edited by Laurence Bouvard.
The American government has started a new program to provide low-income families with powdered milk. In the event of a problem, the government could financially compensate in the millions for a single infant. Taken together, this could result in an astronomical figure for the government to pay.

On March 1, 2013, the Hong Kong government started to limit the purchase of milk powder to guarantee its availability to local mothers. Persons 16 and older are limited to leaving the region with no more than 1.8 kilograms (two American-made 32-ounce cans) of milk powder. This news caused a strong reaction on the mainland Chinese Internet. Aside from extreme criticism of Hong Kongers, opinions were mostly of two perspectives. One was that this action constitutes meddling with the market by the Hong Kong government, and that it tarnishes Hong Kong’s reputation as a free-market region. Another perspective was offered at the People’s Daily newspaper by the government via its official microblog, expressing the matter in terms of shortcomings on behalf of the mainland’s relevant administrative departments: “The background to this event is a crisis of confidence in domestic milk powder producers. Re-establishing confidence requires a more rigid system, stricter law enforcement, stronger supervision and more severe punishment for transgressions. Can a country with the second highest GDP in the world manage its own safety? Look forward to the imminent National People’s Congress and Chinese People’s Political Consultative Congress joint session — an answer is sure to emerge.”

However, both the general economics and specific investigative practices needed appear to be a bit distant. The top priority is to ensure that infants who are accustomed to consuming imported milk powder continue to have access to it. Don’t blame tiny Hong Kong or New Zealand and Australia, whose supply of good milk is unable to support the panicked over-consumption of Chinese tourists. If one considers the whole world, only America has the capacity to supply China with the milk it needs. America has plenty of quality milk powder. Losing weight has become popular in America, so the rate of milk consumption has been decreasing there year after year. Back in the days when my brother was a student in America, he found that his white classmates would drink milk like water. Nowadays, they only drink mineral water. As a result, the increasingly anxious dairy industry has started purchasing television advertising for the first time, to encourage milk consumption.

Furthermore, China wouldn’t shock the U.S. dairy market by participating in it. The American government gives milk to low-income households for free. In reality, many households find breastfeeding to be sufficient, perhaps because they prefer to save cash. All Chinese tourists need to do is find low-income Americans who are willing to sell their free milk for a reasonable price — it should be more convenient than acquiring it in China. American companies have already taken this milk into account and, due to America’s sheer size, one should expect the milk available in this fashion to be more plentiful than the amount Hong Kong is allowing to be exported.

The American government has a program called the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC.) A similar pilot program was started during the 1960s civil rights movement, and in 1972 Congress passed a bill formally implementing the program. The program has already been active for over 40 years. In accordance with the plan, the federal government allocates funds to state governments, who in turn issue WIC vouchers to low-income families with children. Printed on the vouchers is a list of items for which they can be redeemed. The list includes milk powder, because newborn children need it. Also printed on every voucher is its monetary exchange value and expiration date. The vouchers issued for infants are redeemable for one month’s supply of milk powder. This welfare program isn’t just for citizens’ households to enjoy, either. Foreign graduate students with scholarships that require them to teach for 20 hours a week receive $1,000 dollars per month living stipend. Also, if they have a family of three with an income that falls below $35,000 per year, they can also apply for WIC vouchers. Aside from the free milk powder, mothers can also purchase milk, eggs and meat with their government allowance.

WIC seems to be a good program for looking after low-income families, but Americans are eternally chattering with one another, having a thousand opinions on every topic — WIC being one of them. As the government offers the milk powder, and compensation to families with infants who encounter a problem as a result of the program could be in the millions of dollars, the government could be made to pay out an astronomical sum of money. To make government oversight more convenient, the WIC vouchers only deal with the three largest producers. The program covers 53 percent of infants in America, which is equivalent to saying that those three companies are guaranteed to possess half the market share. Other firms are, of course, unhappy with the situation, and criticize the WIC as encouraging monopoly.

Additionally, public figures for medicine and women’s affairs in America encourage breastfeeding as being good for developing infants’ antibodies and immune systems. They criticize the WIC for discouraging breastfeeding and being responsible for low-income black mothers having the lowest rate of breastfeeding amongst the demographics. They observe that this discrepancy in child-rearing is an injustice in American society.

So, WIC vouchers put more cash in the hands of impoverished Americans, enliven the economy and make progressive public figures happy. Reselling it could increase government revenue, while at the same time allowing Chinese children to have milk powder produced with American government oversight. It would certainly be of benefit to a multitude of parties.

But action must be swift. On the first of March 2013 another important event transpired: The federal government’s automatic spending cuts will cause a 5.1 percent spending decrease for all welfare programs. If no special action is taken, this will mean a $340 million dollar cut to the WIC program. Fortunately, funds have already been allocated for March. The cuts will have no actual influence until April, so the WIC will have adequate funding until then. Maybe in April The People’s Daily government microblog will announce action from the central government joint meeting to address the powdered milk problem.


美国政府向低收入家庭发放免费奶粉。一旦出问题,一个婴儿赔几百万,合起来的政府赔偿是天文数字
为保证本地母亲能买到进口奶粉,香港自2013年3月1日开始限购。16岁以上者,每日可携带最多1.8公斤(美制32盎司的罐头两罐)奶粉出境。国内网上顿时油锅炸翻。不说那些责骂港人的极端,看法大致分两类。一类认为这是港府干预市场,玷污了“自由港”名声;第二类看法,《人民日报》官方微博可作代表:“事件背后,是人们对国产奶粉的信任危机。重建信任,需要更刚性的制度,更严格的执法,更强力的监督,更严厉的惩戒。一个GDP世界第二的国家,能否护卫‘舌尖上的安全’?期待即将开幕的全国两会,给出肯定的答案。”——这是内地有关管理部门的缺失。
不过,现在讲经济学理论或追究具体责任,都显得有点远。当务之急是让那些舌尖已经习惯了进口奶粉的孩子不断奶。不要说香港弹丸之地,就是新西兰和澳大利亚这样的奶粉强国,也是经不起中国游客抢购的。放眼世界,还是只有美国才能奶中国。美国有的是奶粉潜力。现在美国人流行瘦身减肥,牛奶消耗量逐年下降。兄弟当年在美国念书时,同一房檐下那些动不动拉开冰箱拿牛奶当水喝的白同学,如今碰到,只饮矿泉水了。急得奶农团体破天荒上电视做广告,宣传喝奶益处。
而且在美国搞奶粉,根本不会冲击市场。美国政府向低收入家庭发放免费奶粉。其实很多家庭母乳足够,或许更爱现钱。只需要让驻美人员去当地贫民区低价收购奶券,在超市换了奶粉后,提点价再卖给中国游客,应该还是比国内便宜。这些奶粉已在厂商生产计划之内。以美国之大,其数量肯定超过香港实行限购令后的减购量。
美国政府有一个妇女、婴儿和儿童的补充营养计划(Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women,Infants,and Children),简称WIC。1960年代民权运动中,类似计划开始试行。1972年,国会通过法案,正式实行这一计划,至今已经四十年了。联邦政府按该计划拨款给各个州政府,再由州政府向低收入家庭寄送WIC支票。支票上印有几种可购买物品的清单。因为新生孩子而获得WIC支票的,清单里会列出婴儿奶粉。每张支票印有金额数,有效期通常为一个月。给婴儿的支票,其金额数足够买一个月的奶粉。这福利而且并不是只有公民家庭才能享受。靠助学金度日的外国研究生,每星期干20小时课程辅导,一个月拿千把美元,年收入远低于三口之家的3.5万美元标准线,如果生了孩子,照样可以申请WIC支票。免费奶粉之外,还可获得给母亲买牛奶、鸡蛋和肉类的营养补贴。
WIC貌似是个照顾低收入阶层的好计划,但美国人永远在叽叽喳喳,对任何事情都有一千种不同意见,对WIC也是如此。其奶粉相当于政府供应,一旦出问题,一个婴儿赔几百万,合起来的政府赔偿是天文数字。所以对奶粉质量必须慎之又慎。为监管方便,WIC只接受三家最大厂商的产品。这计划现在覆盖美国53%的婴儿,相当于保证了三厂商至少占有奶粉市场一半份额。其他厂商当然很不爽,他们批评WIC助长了垄断。
另外,有医界和女界的进步人士,强调母乳含有抗体,可以增强婴儿免疫力。他们批评WIC减低了母乳喂养的意愿,使得贫穷比例较高的黑人成了母乳喂养比例最低的族群。这一喂养上的差别,也是社会不公的表现,等等。
所以,收购WIC支票,不但使美国穷人手里多了现钱,活跃了美国经济,或许还会让进步人士高兴;倒卖奶粉又可以增加政府收入;同时还让中国孩子吃上了美国政府监管的放心奶。真是一箭多雕,各方受益。
但是下手要快。发生在2013年3月1日的另一件大事,是美国财政赤字自动削减机制于该日生效,各项福利支出将一律削减5.1%。如果美国政府不予特别补救,这意味着WIC将被削减3.4亿美元。好在3月份的支出已经拨款到位,减赤机制要到4月份才有实际影响。所以3月份仍然有足够的WIC支票可收购。至于4月份,或许如《人民日报》微博所愿,两会将部署奶粉问题的新答案。
This post appeared on the front page as a direct link to the original article with the above link .

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