How the Boston Bombing Impacts the US

Published in Huanqiu
(China) on 18 April 2013
by Mei Xin Yu (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Andrea Shen. Edited by Lauren Gerken.
The Boston bombings were heartbreaking. Since the U.S. is the world’s only remaining superpower, the event shocked the whole world. The incident aroused market participants’ concern and may bring potential uncertainty to the international market and economic trends.

In the short term, the attack in Boston will have basically no effect on the real sector of the economy because there was minimal material damage to the production ability and physical wealth of the U.S. The major potential impact lies in the psychological expectations of capital market participants and may spread to market prices in the assets market.

Assuming that market participants’ expectations deteriorate significantly, it would be bad news for the U.S.’ real estate market and the upward tendency in stock prices. Fortunately, over the last year, the U.S. economy has stabilized on the path to recovery. Stock prices are no longer in continuous decline, and market participants are relatively optimistic. It is expected that the investors’ reactions to the bad news would not be horrible in the short term. The long-term effects of a negative, short-term reaction from investors would not be too awful.

The ultimate impact of this incident on the international market and economic trends depends on the identity of the perpetrators and the reaction of the U.S. government.

There has been a lot of speculation about the identity of the perpetrators of the Boston bombing. Suspicion is concentrated on three main groups: international Islamic terrorists, extreme right-wing forces in the U.S. and other U.S. extremist forces. Additionally, some people consider North Korea and Syria as suspects. However, objective observers with international knowledge refuse to believe that the North Korean or Syrian governments would resort to this approach.

If the perpetrator is a domestic radical, this case’s impact on the international commodities market and the U.S. domestic capital market will soon disappear. However, it is possible that it could have a less conspicuous but longer lasting influence on the progression of the U.S.' internal “re-industrialization.” The U.S.’ re-industrialization and investment attraction are faced with a series of crucial economic barriers, the first of which is U.S. monetary hegemony itself. Just look at the principle of the so-called “Dutch disease” to understand this.

Historically, any large-scale development of newly discovered natural resources almost certainly encounters a manufacturing slump. Since the 1970s, every developed country has experienced this issue: Even England, Norway and Holland — which received huge amounts of revenue from North Sea oil and gas fields — were not immune. Although Russia has increased income from oil exports, it has also suffered from a recession in light industry and traditional heavy industry. Due to objective economic laws against non-oil industries, through exchange rate mechanisms, non-oil industries would be at a disadvantage in the competition for production factors such as labor, capital and land.

The same mechanism also functions between the U.S. financial service industry’s virtual economic sector and the U.S. manufacturing industry’s real economic sector. As long as the U.S. maintains its parasitic financial hegemony, its financial sector will forever provide higher compensation and return on investments than the real economic sector. Thus, in an environment with a representative democratic regime and a market economy structure, it will forever maintain a comparative advantage in talent competition and capital contribution, continuing to gain government support on policies and regulations. With this mechanism, how can Americans count on their country’s re-industrialization to make significant achievements sustainable?

Some Chinese manufacturing returns to the U.S. Important driving forces of the U.S. manufacturing sector, such as emerging market economies and capital inflows, are temporary phenomena. This bombing warns investors of the security risk inherent in investing in the U.S. Unfavorable sections will also be prominently reflected when market participants re-examine the investment environment in the U.S. This is not a good thing for U.S.' re-industrialization.

Assuming that the perpetrator is an international Islamic terrorist, U.S. retaliation will be expected, which will affect energy prices. If the U.S. decides to adopt escalating retaliatory measures, it needs to adjust military expenditure, military layout and fiscal expenditure decisions on a large scale. Accordingly, its real economic section must enforce a series of adjustments.

The author is a research fellow at the Chinese Academy of International Trade and Economic Cooperation.


梅新育:波士顿爆炸对美影响如何

  波士顿连环爆炸案让人痛心。由于美国的世界唯一超级大国分量,此案震惊了全世界,其对国际市场和经济走向可能带来的潜在不确定性也颇受市场参与者关注。

  可以确定,就短期而言,由于此案对美国生产能力和实物财富的物质损害微乎其微,波士顿恐怖袭击案对实体经济部门基本上没有影响。主要的潜在冲击在于可能影响资产市场参与者心理预期,进而波及资产市场价格行情。

  如果市场参与者预期显著恶化,对美国房地产、股市价格回升势头应属利空。好在近一年来,美国经济已在复苏轨道上站稳,不是处于连续下跌的状态,市场参与者心态相对乐观,不是惊弓之鸟,对此案利空的反应在短期内不会过于激烈。

  此案对国际市场和经济走向的最终影响,取决于作案者身份和美国政府的反应。

  迄今各方对波士顿爆炸案作案者身份推测五花八门,猜疑主要集中在三种人身上:国际伊斯兰恐怖主义分子、美国国内极端右翼势力、美国国内其他极端势力。另外还有人将朝鲜、叙利亚列入嫌疑对象,不过有国际知识的客观的观察者,基本上不相信朝鲜、叙利亚政府会采取这种做法。

  如果作案者是单纯的美国国内极端势力,那么此案对国际商品市场、美国国内资产市场的影响很快就会消失,但是有可能对美国国内“再工业化”等进程产生不那么显眼却颇为长久的影响。美国的再工业化和招商引资面临一系列重大经济障碍,首要障碍就是美国的货币霸权本身。看看所谓“荷兰病”的原理,便可明白这一点。

  在历史上,凡是大规模开发新发现自然资源的国家,几乎都出现过制造业衰退的情况。20世纪70年代以来,从北海油气田取得巨额收入的英国、挪威、荷兰等发达国家,到这些年来石油出口收入火爆却苦于轻工业和传统重工业衰退的俄罗斯,都曾陷入这种窘境。之所以如此,实为客观经济规律所致:石油收入将通过汇率机制打击非石油产业;石油业将使非石油产业在争夺劳动力、资本、土地等各类生产要素的竞争中落入下风。

  同样的机制也将作用于美国的金融服务业虚拟经济部门和制造业实体经济部门之间。只要美国依然维持着其寄生性的货币霸权,那么其金融部门就永远能够比实体经济部门提供更高的薪酬和投资回报,在竞争人才和资本投入时永远占据相对优势,在代议制民主政体和市场经济体制结合的环境中又永远能够获得政府更多的政策法规倾斜。在这种机制下,美国人如何能够指望本国“再工业化”取得可持续的重大成就?

  部分中国制造回流美国、新兴市场经济体资本流入美国制造业的某些重要驱动力量只是暂时现象。这场爆炸案除了警示投资者美国投资环境中的安全风险之外,其它不如人意之处,也会因为市场参与者的重新审视而凸显出来。这对于美国的再工业化目标不是好事。

  如果作案者是国际伊斯兰恐怖主义分子,那么出于对美国跨国报复行动的预期,能源行情可能受到较大冲击。如果美国决定采取大规模报复措施,其军事开支、军事布局和财政开支决策都要大幅度调整,实体经济部门必然随之相应发生一系列调整。

(作者为商务部研究院研究员)

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