America Must Systematically Improve Its Human Rights Situation

Published in China News
(China) on 22 April 2013
by Yunlong Li (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Dagny Dukach. Edited by Rachel Smith.
America has a plethora of human rights issues. For a long time, several important aspects of the human rights of American citizens have been subject to systematic infringement. There is a serious flaw in the American system of government: Political donations have a huge influence on the electoral process, infringing on the political power of the American citizen. The American legal system has placed over a million people in prison, yielding more prisoners in America than anywhere else in the world and greatly restricting the freedom of the American citizen. Among developed nations, America is home to one of the largest gaps between rich and poor. Every day, the American economic system creates greater polarization. A handful of people are extremely rich, many of the poor are homeless and the income of middle class families decreases yearly. American racism is a deeply-rooted issue; its origins go back many years. Racial equality is still just a slogan on paper. In truth, racial minorities are not able to enjoy equal rights. America uses military force to carry out its foreign policy and makes planned, continual, large-scale infringements upon the sovereignty and human rights of other nations, causing humanitarian disaster. America’s human rights issues are not specific, accidental incidents, but rather a widespread, systemic phenomenon with deep institutional roots. The violence and casualties caused by guns in America are an archetypal example of this.

America is one of the few countries in the entire world that permits private individuals to own guns. The number of gun owners in America is huge and unceasingly increasing. In 1999, private American citizens owned 235 million guns; by 2012, that number had increased to 270 million. Americans own between 35 and 50 percent of guns owned by civilians worldwide. Forty-seven percent of adult Americans own guns. This huge number of guns has made America a country of frequent shootings and numerous gun-related casualties. Every year, America is home to more than 30,000 gun-related deaths — homicides, accidents and suicides — and more than 200,000 people sustain injuries from guns. In movie theaters, school campuses and other locations with high concentrations of people, shootings often result in serious casualties. America’s gun violence problem seriously infringes upon its citizens' right to life.

The crux of America’s problem with gun violence and gun-related casualties lies in its laws and institutional regulations. Gun violence infringing on the right to life represents the epitome of America’s human rights issues. The majority of America’s human rights issues have systemic origins. In order to improve America’s human rights situation, its laws and institutions must first be amended. America needs to complete a comprehensive self-evaluation of its laws and institutions, abolish all laws that infringe on civil rights, political rights, social rights and every other basic human right, and amend the human rights infringements embedded in its electoral system, economic system and racial and foreign policies. Only then might America improve its human rights situation.

The author is a member of the Central Party School International Institute for Strategic Studies.


评论称美国应从制度面着手改善人权状况
2013年04月22日 16:29 来源:光明日报 


  美国是一个存在许多人权问题的国家。长期以来,美国公民的人权在某些重要方面受到系统性的侵犯。美国的政治体制存在严重缺陷,政治献金在很大程度上影响了选举过程,致使美国公民的政治权利受到侵犯。美国的法律制度把上百万人送进监狱,使美国成为世界上囚犯最多的国家,大大限制了美国公民的自由权。美国是发达国家中贫富悬殊最大的国家之一。美国的经济制度造成日益严重的两极分化,少数人极度富有,许多穷人无家可归,中产阶级家庭收入连年减少。美国的种族歧视由来已久,根深蒂固,种族平等至今还只是停留在纸面上的口号,少数族裔实际上无法享受平等的权利。美国用武力推行外交政策,在对外关系上有计划地、持续地、大规模地侵犯他国主权和人权,引发了人道主义灾难。美国的人权问题不是个别的和偶发的事件,而是普遍的和系统性的现象,有深刻的制度性根源。美国的枪支暴力和枪击伤亡问题就是一个典型的例子。

  美国是世界上少数允许私人普遍持有枪支的国家之一。美国民间持有的枪支数量庞大,且呈现出不断增加的趋势。1999年,美国公民个人持有枪支2.35亿支,2012年增加到2.7亿支。美国民间持有的枪支占世界民用枪支数量的35%-50%。美国47%的成年人拥有枪支。大量枪支散布在民间,使得美国成为枪击案件频发、枪击伤亡数量众多的国家。据统计,美国每年有3万多人死于枪支造成的他杀、事故和自杀,有20多万人因枪击受伤。在校园和电影院等人员密集场所发生的枪击案常常造成严重伤亡。美国的枪支暴力和枪击伤亡问题是对生命权的严重侵犯。
  美国枪支暴力和枪击伤亡问题的关键是美国的法律和制度规定。枪击伤亡侵犯生命权的问题是美国人权问题的缩影。美国的人权问题大多都有制度性根源。要改善美国的人权状况,首先应该修改美国的法律和制度。美国应该全面检讨本国的法律和制度,废除侵犯公民权利、政治权利和社会权利等各项基本人权的法律,修改侵犯人权的选举制度、经济制度和种族政策、外交政策,以便使美国的人权状况得到改善。
  (李云龙 作者单位:中央党校国际战略研究所)
【编辑:张艾京
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