PRISM Raises Questions About Boundaries Between Security and Privacy

Published in Beijing News
(China) on 13 June 2013
by Tao Duanfang (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Jingman Xiao. Edited by .

Edited by Anita Dixon

Recently, the scandal concerning the U.S. intelligence agencies' monitoring of Internet users' data and telephones was made public. It is known that Silicon Valley Internet giants and smartphone service providers have provided the National Security Agency with assistance in monitoring and data collecting. This program is called PRISM, and it collects information from and monitors Internet and telephone users on a large-scale. Recently, 29-year-old Edward Snowden, a former Central Intelligence Agency technician, surfaced. He is the guy who revealed some of the key information regarding the program.

What he did is obviously illegal. However, the significance of PRISM is making the American public and politicians upset. Now, the lawmakers who once passed the Patriot Act, which endows the intelligence agencies with a broad range of information gathering powers, must have realized, uneasily, that the extent to which the intelligence agencies are collecting data and prying into people's privacy is on the verge of being out of control.

Perhaps this is only the tip of the iceberg. In other words, who can protect the privacy of the government, Congress and the judicial branch from being monitored by the intelligence agencies as well?

Needless to say, the public must be more upset: their daily life in its entirety might have been monitored and censored. They find that the law is a mere scrap of paper to the intelligence agencies. Not a single means of communication is safe, ranging from letters to telephone, smartphones and the Internet. What's more, they realize that after the scandal, the government and the NSA not only admitted that it had indeed happened, but also that they were concerned about the fact that the leakage of the program would pose a serious threat to national security, instead of the public’s privacy.

Obama called the criticism against PRISM speculation and refused to apologize for the eavesdropping. Rather, he considered data intercepting to be "worthwhile" and demanded the public understand that 100 percent security and 100 percent personal privacy are not to be achieved at the same time, and that everyone has to give up what he has to.

What he said is rather easy yet also hard to understand: how much weight should be granted to security and how much to privacy? To what "degree" can we define the boundary and by whom? How can we ensure that the government and intelligence agencies do not cross the line if they refuse to be transparent?

American politicians, especially the ones in power, are most influenced by political interests. It is not hard to see that if the electorate is beyond upset about the protection of its privacy, more politicians will feel that their concerns are closely related to those of the public and start to hurl questions at PRISM as midterm elections are approaching fast.


国际观察
  日前,美国情报部门监视网民数据和电话项目被曝光,而且,硅谷互联网巨头和智能手机服务商为其情报监控、搜集提供了方便。这一计划代号“棱镜”,主要使命是大范围收集并监控网络和电话用户信息。近日,29岁的美国前情报机构技术人员爱德华·斯诺登浮出水面,他就是掌握并披露关键信息的人。
  斯诺登的行为无疑是违法的。但“棱镜门”的关键在于让美国的政治家和公众双双感到不安。现在,曾通过《爱国者法案》赋予情报部门以广泛搜集公众隐私权力的国会议员们,如今不安地发现,情报部门对个人信息的搜集和窥探,已经接近失控的边缘。
  这还恐怕只是冰山一角。换言之,谁能保证,政府、国会和司法机构的隐私,不同样被情报部门的眼睛,无声无息地窥探着?
  而公众的不安,更加不言而喻:自己日常起居的一切过程,都可能被无数双眼睛审查、监视。他们发现,有关法律在情报部门面前等于一纸空文——从书信到电话、手机、互联网,几乎没有一种通讯方式是安全的;他们更发现,“棱镜门”曝光后,美国政府和情报部门不但承认确有其事,而且他们不安的并非公众隐私受威胁,而是“泄密是对国家安全的极大破坏。”
  奥巴马将针对“棱镜门”的批评称为“炒作”,拒绝为窃听道歉,声称窃听是“值得的”,要求公众“明白100%的安全和100%的个人隐私不可兼得,每个人都不得不有所取舍”。
  这个道理谁都明白,但仿佛谁都不明白,安全和隐私到底该各占多少,二者间的“度”如何界定,由谁来界定?在美国政府和情报部门拒绝透明化的情况下,又如何担保其不逾矩?
  美国政治家,尤其当权政治家最不安的,仍是政治利益的影响。可以想见,倘美国选民对自身隐私安全的不安超过临界点,在中期选举日益临近的关键时刻,会有更多政治家感到自己的不安和公众的不安息息相关,并开始对“棱镜门”发出更直接的质问。
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