In Following the China-US Dialogue, Taiwan Has No Need To Pick Sides

Published in China Times
(Taiwan) on 15 July 2013
by Editorial (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Iman Ng. Edited by Jane Lee.
For all practical purposes, the [China-U.S.] strategic and economic dialogues were originally two separate matters. The Sino-U.S. strategic dialogue first began in August 2005, initiated by then-U.S. Deputy Secretary of State Robert Zoellick and the Chinese Vice Foreign Minister Dai Bingguo. Its goal was to maintain and expand bilateral cooperation, fostering peace globally and in the Asia-Pacific region. Its emphasis was on deepening dialogue and mutual trust in hopes of elevating consensus [and] expanding cooperation while strengthening coordination and consultation. The China-U.S. Strategic Economic Dialogue, meanwhile, began in December 2006 and was hosted by then-Vice Premier of China Wu Yi, along with U.S. Secretary of the Treasury Henry Paulson. Topics featured include aviation, services, banks, securities, the exchange rate, energy, conservation of the environment, trade and investment, food safety, international economic cooperation and other specific economic and trade issues.

Under the Bush administration, this writer and other neoconservatives harbored strong animosity toward mainland China and even considered Communist China a strategic competitor at one time. We objected to the bilateral strategic dialogue and only allowed it to be described as a senior official dialogue. With the dust settled from this episode, the Obama government combined the two dialogues into one starting in 2009 and thus signaled dramatic changes in U.S. thinking. Starting on July 10 for two back-to-back days, senior Chinese and American officials hosted their fifth strategic and economic dialogue in Washington D.C. The Chinese delegation was directed by Vice Premier Wang Yang and State Councilor Yang Jiechi; the Americans were led by Secretary of State John Kerry and Secretary of the Treasury Jack Lew. From the multitudes of officials, ranks and topics that come with each dialogue, one can discern the complex and diverse nature of China-U.S. relations and the importance attached by both sides to the dialogue.

Seasoned officials from the Obama government say that this dialogue serves as one of the critical pillars of America's Asia-Pacific rebalancing strategy. This dialogue is an extension of the California summit last month between Obama and Xi Jinping and allows for deeper discussion of topics discussed previously. With regard to the strategic aspect, topics include the North Korean nuclear crisis, Syria, Iran, regional security and human rights. Of particular consternation on the economic front to America is China's exchange rate and interest rates. The U.S. wanted to discuss matters such as market mechanisms and financial reform with China, with American officials pointing out that the U.S. was also concerned about protection of intellectual property rights. America had also been following the topic of software piracy closely along with Internet theft of trade secrets. But in truth, topics now being discussed are largely similar to ones talked about in the past.

From the perspective of Taiwan, we think, first of all, that U.S. willingness to continue bilateral strategic and economic dialogue implies that relations with China have shifted in a qualitative, not quantitative, direction. America can no longer disregard the reality of China's rise, nor engage in confrontation or containment of Beijing. What's more, the U.S. will strive to develop constructive and friendly relations with the People's Republic and allow the mainland to play, insofar as it is capable, a reasonable and responsible role. Such will further integrate China into the mainstream international community and confine its behavior to global norms. The current priority is to strengthen mutual strategic trust and transparency while attempting to discuss and resolve issues through various mechanisms. However, the values placed on human rights, democracy and the rule of law differ between both countries, much in the way that both countries' political and economic systems and stages of development differ from each other, thus presenting structural problems [for the relationship]. The natural tendency for mutual competition between the two countries remains unchanged.

As this paper reported from Washington a short while ago, this round of strategic and economic dialogue saw America leaping into offense mode from the start. Vice President Joe Biden said in his opening remarks that Beijing should halt its brazen theft of U.S. intellectual property rights through the web. In addition, Biden requested that China respect and conform to international human rights norms, adding that this is where the countries differ from each other. Chinese Vice Premier Wang Yang tried to strike a conciliatory tone, saying that "China and the U.S. are like a married couple. A divorce could be very costly … In the past we blasted U.S. imperialism. The U.S called us communist bandits. But facts have shown that continued dialogue between the two is a blessing. It is advantageous to world peace and development." Perhaps Biden was talking to Americans back home, or maybe it was part of his strategic negotiating strategy. But American arrogance is hardly worth being imitated elsewhere.

The broader world cannot help but wonder if the U.S. considered freedom, democracy and human rights as its moral values or only a political tool. Take the Edward Snowden case, for example, where the U.S. government is a thief crying thief. America is infringing upon the sovereignty of other countries in the name of the war on terror and tramples over its citizens' privacy and human rights, yet dares to accuse others of Internet spying. If the country really valued democracy and human rights, why then does it adhere to such double standards? Why has it taken to engaging brazen violations of human rights in other nations, and why is it so indifferent to such violations? America has incited countless conflicts across the world throughout the years, from Egypt to Syria, from the Middle East to Central Asia's color revolutions. Have any of these countries made a turn for the better? Has America acquired more friends or foes?

One last point that we have to stress is that China's regime is reforming and liberalizing itself. Unless this status quo changes in the near future with a scenario in which economic growth stagnates, social unrest spreads and China-U.S. relations go from cooperation to confrontation, then the mainland can only continue to grow substantially. Its international influence will rapidly follow suit on an upward trajectory, while Taiwan's influence and worth may be harshly impacted in an adverse way. Even though this is attributed to changes, not due to warfare, in the tripartite balance of power among Beijing, Washington and Taipei, our government must change its strategy and tactics. Destructive confrontation is not the right path to tread on, while blindly accepting concessions is also not the answer. Beijing and Washington have been talking to each other, and Taiwan will be glad to see further improvements in China-U.S. relations. Thus, Taipei has no need to choose sides, but must holistically consider the republic's long-term interests. It must also consider how to take developments in Chimerica (China and America) and improving Chiaiwan (mainland China and Taiwan) relations to improve its calibrations and better cross-strait relations in step with Sino-American relations. Such is the right approach.


其實,戰略與經濟對話原本是兩件不同的事情,中美戰略對話最早始於二○○五年八月,由當時的美國副國務卿佐立克與中共外交部副部長戴秉國展開,目的在於保持、擴大雙方的合作,促進亞太和世界的和平,重點在於深化對話與互信、希望增加共識、擴大合作、加強協調與磋商。而中美經濟戰略對話則始於二○○六年十二月,由當時的中共國務院副總理吳儀和美國財政部長鮑爾森主持,討論包括航空、服務、銀行、證券、人民幣匯率、能源、環保、貿易投資、食品安全及國際經濟合作等具體經貿問題。

布希政府時期,由於其本人和新保守主義分子對中國大陸懷有強烈敵意,一度還把中共視為戰略競爭者,對兩國之間的戰略對話不表認同,只准使用資深官員對話一詞。事過境遷之後,歐巴馬政府於二○○九年開始將兩者合而為一,這代表美國思維的一大轉變。今年七月十日起一連兩天,中美雙方高層在華府舉行第五次的戰略與經濟對話。中方由大陸副總理汪洋、國務委員楊潔箎領軍,美方則由國務卿凱瑞、財政部長李烏率隊。由每次對話人員之多、級別之高、議題之廣可以看出,中美雙方關係的複雜多樣,雙方對此對話機制的重視。

歐巴馬政府的資深官員說,這項對話是美國「亞太再平衡」策略的關鍵工作之一,這次對話延續了歐巴馬與習近平一個月前加州峰會的主題,要進行更深入的討論。在戰略部分,議題包括北韓核武、敘利亞、伊朗、區域安全以及人權等。在經濟部分,美國關切大陸的匯率與利率,要和中方討論市場機制、金融改革等議題。美國官員並指出,美國關切的另一議題是智慧財產權保護,美國在意的不只是盜版軟體,也包括網路竊取商業機密。討論議題其實和過去大同小異。

從台灣的角度來看,我們認為,首先,美方同意持續雙邊戰略與經濟對話,這就意味著中美關係已由量變往質變的方向發展,美國不再能漠視大陸成長的事實,或仍以對抗、圍堵的方式對待北京。其次,美國將努力與中共發展建設性的友好關係,讓大陸扮演其力所能及、合理、負責任的角色,將其進一步融入國際主流社會,接受國際行為規範。當前重點在於加強戰略互信及透明度,透過各種機制嘗試討論和解決問題,不過,兩國在人權、民主、法治等價值觀,不同政經體制、發展階段有異方面存有結構性的問題,雙方互相競爭的本質不變。

根據本報日前來自華府報導,本次戰略與經濟對話美方一開始就火藥味十足,副總統拜登開幕演說指出,北京應停止在網路「公然竊取」美國智財權行為。除此而外,拜登也要求中共尊重人權,接受國際人權規範,並說這正是中美兩國差異之所在,而中共副總理汪洋則緩頰說,「中美像夫妻,離婚代價大」,「過去我們罵美國美帝,美國罵我們共匪諸如此類。但事實證明,長期對話對兩國不僅是幸事,也有利世界和平發展。」即或拜登談話有內政或談判策略之考量,但美國一幅盛氣凌人的樣子實在不足為訓。

於此,外界不禁要質疑的是,美國到底是把自由、民主與人權當成工具或價值?就以史諾登案而言,美國政府自己做賊喊捉賊,以反恐之名侵犯了別國主權、自己國民的隱私和人權,居然還敢振振有詞的指責別國進行網路駭客行為。如果說美國一向重視民主與人權,但為何常常又是雙重與多重標準,對某些國家違反人權的舉措有時嚴加指責,有時無動於衷,這些年來,美國在世界製造了多少紛爭,從埃及到敘利亞,由中東到中亞的顏色革命,這些國家有無變得更好,美國是朋友或敵人變得更多?

最後,我們要強調的是,除非在可預見的將來,中共政權的改革開放政策發生重大變化,經濟成長停滯,社會動盪,中美關係由合作轉為對抗,在中國大陸綜合國力已然大幅成長,國際影響力大增的情況下,台灣的影響力和價值可能受到嚴重衝擊。雖說這一切都是中美台三方實力對比變化所致,非戰之罪,不過政府也確實必須隨之調整戰略與策略,破壞衝撞固非正道,一味容忍退讓恐怕也不是辦法。在中美互動的過程中,台灣樂見中美雙方關係的進一步改善,台灣沒有選邊與否的問題,我們除了考慮中華民國的利益與整個民族的長遠發展之外,也該思考如何將 Chimerica(中美)的發展趨勢與 Chiaiwan(兩岸)雙邊關係的改善連動處理,這才是一個正確的作法。
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