9/11: What Kind of Syria Does America Need?

Published in Sohu
(China) on 13 September 2013
by Gao Wang (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Gloria Furness. Edited by Mary Young.
A week ago the international community was largely pessimistic toward the developments in the Syrian crisis, but in recent days Syria, the U.S. and Russia have independently agreed to "seize the opportunity," allowing people to hope for the easing of this tense situation.

Today is Sept. 11. On this day it seems that people are more concerned with the immediacy of the Syrian crisis. This ongoing civil war, now two years old, is currently facing the prospect of foreign military intervention, due to the emergence of "chemical weapons." In the background of this situation is a very delicate relationship with the al-Qaida terrorist attack that profoundly changed the world 12 years ago.

Then, al-Qaida was like a giant hornet's nest, maintaining a long, firm hold in Afghanistan alongside the Taliban. Although the Taliban regime quickly collapsed following 9/11, when its hive in Afghanistan was easily laid to waste by U.S. missiles, its surviving hornets scattered to resettle around the globe.

Shortly thereafter, America launched the war in Iraq in 2003. After Saddam Hussein's secular regime was overthrown, a state of anarchy turned Iraq into a quick gathering place and breeding ground for displaced al-Qaida soldiers. Ten years later, under the harassment of al-Qaida guerrilla warfare, American soldiers find themselves trapped, unable to extricate themselves from Afghanistan and Iraq. Although Obama has announced military withdrawal from the above two regions, the word "victory" for the U.S. is still quite far away.

The outbreak and spread of the Arab Spring in the Middle East and North Africa at the end of 2010 provided al-Qaida with yet another opportunity to further disperse in all directions. There are many facts to prove that its members infiltrated local rebel armies long ago to take part in the fight for "regime changes," thus complicating and intensifying existing tribal and sectarian conflicts. All this is most evident in Syria.

The U.S. bears a bitter hatred toward the Assad regime, and it is well known that the U.S. wishes to expeditiously remove him. The exposure of chemical weapons is the best excuse for the U.S. to attack Syria. A week ago the international community was largely pessimistic toward the developments in the Syrian crisis, but in recent days Syria, the U.S. and Russia have independently agreed upon "seizing the opportunity," allowing people to hope for the easing of this tense situation.

According to the statistics, in the 200-plus foreign wars that the U.S. has entered into since its founding, it has only proceeded with the approval of Congress a handful of times. This time, Obama is adopting a low profile and seeking support from Congress. This is not evidence of a deeper respect for Congress than previous presidents, but rather of a deeper deliberation. On the one hand, allied countries and public opinion have not allowed Obama to confidently take action; on the other hand, with the "endorsement" of his actions from Congress, his liability will be reduced considerably, regardless of future circumstances. Of course, more importantly, Obama needs to consider what kind of Syria the U.S. needs.

To oust Assad’s regime in the name of opposition to chemical warfare is something that the U.S. has always dreamed of. If it becomes a reality, in the next several decades the anti-American front will collapse — from Iran to Syria to Hezbollah and finally to Hamas — not only alleviating security pressures in Israel, but also cutting off Russia's profound reach in the Middle East.

But a U.S. attack on Syria still presents a great deal of risk. Not only is there no way to predict whether Assad will react violently, stirring the Middle East into a frenzy, even if Assad is overthrown, the remaining Syrian rebels would not allow the masses to rest easy. The media has already exposed many "foreign soldiers" from over the Turkish border within the rebel groups, including al-Qaida members. Their makeup is incredibly intricate; their bloody spectacles of slaughtering captives are enough to make one shudder. Once this brutal, al-Qaida-inclusive and potentially anti-American force uses the corpse of its opposition to reincarnate the Taliban in Syria, America's scheme in the Middle East will be absolutely shattered, and there will never be peace in the region.

In the absence of reliable successors, maintaining the status quo seems to be the best, albeit helpless, choice. A 12-year counterterrorism campaign has revealed that, although America is powerful, it is no master of handling hornets’ nests, nor is it an expert at eradicating those hornets once they scatter to the four winds. Twelve years later, al-Qaida has not been eliminated. Instead, it is sprouting up in a few new places, its drifting ghost ever a nightmare to the U.S.


摘要:一周以前,国际社会都对叙利亚危机的走势非常悲观,但叙利亚、美国和俄罗斯这几天不谋而合的“借坡下驴”又让人对紧张局势的缓解看到了希望。

  今天是9月11日。在这个日子里,人们似乎更关注当下的叙利亚危机,这场持续了两年的内战由于“化学武器”的出现而面临被外部武力干预的危险。而这一切的背后与12年前那场深刻改变世界的基地组织恐怖袭击有着丝丝缕缕的关系。

  基地组织就像一个巨大的马蜂窝,当年和塔利班一起结结实实地长在了阿富汗。虽然“911”事件后,塔利班政权不堪一击,阿富汗的马蜂窝被美国的导弹轻而易举地捅烂了,但四处飞散的马蜂却在世界很多角落安家落户。

  紧接着,2003年3月美国又发动了伊拉克战争。萨达姆世俗政权被推翻后,无政府状态的伊拉克变成了基地组织散兵游勇迅速聚集和生长的土地。10年来,在基地组织的游击战袭扰下,美国大兵陷在阿富汗、伊拉克不可自拔。尽管奥巴马宣布从上述两地撤军,但“胜利”两个字对于美国来说还非常遥远。

  2010年底在中东北非爆发并蔓延的“阿拉伯之春”更是给了基地组织四处开花的机会。有很多事实可以证明,基地组织成员早已渗透到当地的反政府武装中,参与“改朝换代”的战斗,这使得当地本已存在的部族矛盾、教派矛盾更加复杂和尖锐。这一切在叙利亚体现得最为明显。

  美国对巴沙尔政权恨之入骨,欲除之而后快是世人皆知的事。化武事件曝光成了美国攻叙的最好借口。一周以前,国际社会都对叙利亚危机的走势非常悲观,但叙利亚、美国和俄罗斯这几天不谋而合的“借坡下驴”又让人对紧张局势的缓解看到了希望。

  据统计,在美国建国后200多次对外战争中,仅有屈指可数的几次通过国会授权。这一次奥巴马低姿态寻求国会支持,并非是比前几任总统对国会更加尊重,他有更深层次的考虑。一方面,盟国和民意都没有让奥巴马能够自信地采取行动;另一方面,无论今后情势如何,国会会为他的行为“背书”,这样他的责任就会小很多。当然更重要的是,奥巴马要思考美国需要一个怎样的叙利亚。

  借化武之名拿掉巴沙尔政权是美国一直以来梦寐以求的。如果成为现实,几十年来从伊朗到叙利亚再到真主党最后到哈马斯的这一条反美阵线就会彻底崩断,不仅缓解了以色列的安全压力,也斩断了俄罗斯深入中东的触角。

  然而美国攻叙仍有极大的风险。不仅无法预料巴沙尔是否会做出激烈反应,把中东搅成一锅粥,即使在推翻巴沙尔后,叙利亚反政府武装却无法让人放心。媒体早已曝出反政府武装中有不少是从土耳其越境的“外籍战士”甚至是基地组织成员。他们的背景错综复杂,屠戮战俘的血腥场面更是让人不寒而栗。一旦这样一个含有基地组织的残暴势力甚至是将来有可能反美的组织在叙利亚借反对派的尸还塔利班的魂,美国的中东算盘将彻底打碎,这个地区也将永无宁日。

  在没有可靠的接班人情况下,维持现状似乎是一个无奈但最好的选择。12年的反恐战役表明,美国虽然强大,但在处理马蜂窝方面远远不是个高手,消灭四处分散的马蜂更不在行。12年来基地组织没有被消灭,反而又长出些新芽,它游荡的幽灵永远是美国的梦魇。
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