US Foreign Policy Speech: Leadership toward a New Order

Published in Shinano Daily News
(Japan) on 31 May 2014
by Editorial (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Stephanie Sanders. Edited by Eva Langman.
It was a speech that seemed to declare the end of America’s own unilateral system.

It is the speech President Obama gave at West Point Military Academy. He reiterated a cautious approach to military intervention in other countries. He made it clear that America would continue along a route of international cooperation centering on diplomacy and a multilateral framework.

With more than two and a half years till January 2017 remaining of his term of office, he spoke for the key principles of U.S. foreign policy.

After the end of the Cold War, the United States, which has exerted absolute influence in the world as the lone superpower, is exhausted from its war on terror in Afghanistan and Iraq. The immense burden of war expenditures is putting pressure on the administration, and they are also suffering from the economic downturn. The speech suggests that the United States no longer has the choice to take the lead in initiating military action.

On the other hand, Russia forced the incorporation of Southern Ukraine’s Crimean Peninsula, as if to pick at the power vacuum. China is unilaterally pushing ahead with resource development in the South China Sea and stepping up its movements to expand its own interest by force.

The U.S. administration is overshadowed by criticisms of weakness for not intervening militarily in Syria’s civil war and being unable to deter the actions of Russia and China.

The foreign policy speech is in line with Mr. Obama’s traditional approach, but what it further demonstrates is that the speech is likely intended to refute criticism ahead of the midterm elections in November.

Although they have criticized Russia and China’s actions, the United States simply does not have a clear policy for how to deal with [the countries’ actions]. The pain of being unable to find an effective measure for peaceful resolution is also evident.

The rise of emerging nations — including China, which surpassed Japan with the world’s second largest gross domestic product, as well as India and Brazil — is remarkable. Even militarily, China’s power has rapidly grown.

[We are going] from a U.S.-led world to a multipolar one that boosts the presence of emerging nations like China. As that trend gains strength, America’s role in the world is also being pressured to change.

How do we peacefully settle disputes and conflicts over resources and interests? How do we resolve economic disparities associated with globalization, and should we get involved in conflict and terror prevention? There are many issues that should be tackled for world stability.

Mr. Obama stated in his address that, “America must always lead on the world stage.” Multipolarity is also full of the risk connected to “apolarity” — the absence of a leading nation. Can they point the way toward creating a new world order not based on military strength? The responsibility the Obama administration has taken on is heavy.


米外交演説 新たな秩序へ指導力を
05月31日(土)

 米国による「一極体制」の終わりを、自ら宣言するかのような演説だった。

 オバマ米大統領が陸軍士官学校で行った外交演説である。他国への軍事介入に慎重な姿勢をあらためて表明。外交や多国間の枠組みを軸とする国際協調路線を継続することを鮮明にした。

 2017年1月まで2年半余となった残り任期中の、米外交の基本方針を示したものだ。

 冷戦崩壊後、「唯一の超大国」として世界に絶対的な影響力を及ぼしてきた米国は、アフガニスタン、イラクでの「対テロ戦争」で疲弊。莫大(ばくだい)な戦費負担が財政を圧迫し、経済の低迷にも苦しんだ。もはや米国に、率先して軍事行動を起こす選択肢がないことを、演説は示唆している。

 一方で、その「力の空白」を突くように、ロシアはウクライナ南部クリミア半島の編入を強行。中国は南シナ海で資源開発を一方的に進めるなど、実力で自国権益を拡張する動きを強めている。

 米政権が、シリア内戦への軍事介入を見送ったことや、ロシア、中国の行動を制止できないことに「弱腰」の批判もつきまとう。

 外交演説はオバマ氏の従来の姿勢に沿ったものだが、この時期にあらためてそれを示したのは、11月に中間選挙を控え、批判に反論する意図があったからだろう。

 ただ、ロシアや中国の行動を非難はしたものの、それにどう対処していくのか、米国としての明確な政策を示せてはいない。平和解決への有効な手だてが見いだせない苦しさも見て取れる。

 中国の国内総生産(GDP)が日本を抜いて世界第2位になったのをはじめ、インド、ブラジルなど新興国の台頭は目覚ましい。軍事面でも中国は飛躍的に力を増してきた。

 米国主導から、中国などの新興国が存在感を高める「多極化」の世界へ。その流れが強まる中で、米国の世界での役割も変化を迫られている。

 資源や権益をめぐる紛争や対立を平和的にどう解決していくか、グローバル化に伴う経済格差をいかに解消し、紛争やテロの防止につなげるか…。世界の安定に向けて取り組むべき課題は多い。

 オバマ氏は演説で「米国は常に世界の指導的立場にいなければならない」と述べた。多極化は、指導国不在の“無極化”につながる恐れもはらむ。軍事力によらない世界の新しい秩序づくりの方向性を示すことができるか。オバマ政権が引き受けた責任は重い。
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