Obama’s Warning

Published in El Tiempo
(Colombia) on 10 March 2015
by Editorial (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Jessica Fernandez Rhodes. Edited by Danielle Tezcan.
The U.S. decision to declare Venezuela a threat to national security and to sanction seven officials marks a shocking turning point in their already deteriorated relationship and opens a breach of unsuspected outcomes in Washington's approach and analysis of what is happening with the government of Nicolas Maduro.

The grounds of the declaration of national emergency are not drug trafficking, as was the case of the Specially Designated Narcotics Traffickers List (the "Clinton List") in 1995, which attacked Colombian drug dealers and their financial circle. Neither is it terrorism or its sponsorship, as in the Syrian or Cuban cases. It is because of human rights violations. Give or take a few words, they are sanctioned for "persecution of political opponents, curtailment of press freedoms, use of violence and human rights violations and abuses in response to anti-government protests, and arbitrary arrest and detention of anti-government protestors, as well as the exacerbating presence of significant public corruption," according to President Obama in his executive order.

Those involved are officials or former officials who were directly related to the handling, in many cases brutal, of the protests of February 2014, and even with the judicial treatments of those detained, alluding to the prosecutor responsible for the case against opposition leader and now imprisoned Caracas metropolitan Mayor Antonio Ledezma. Even worse, the executive order credits the government itself as being the root of all evils.

In practical terms, the removal of visas or the economic blockage of these characters should not cause major impact, but the political gesture should be interpreted by Caracas leadership as a warning that it is part of the escalating disgust of Washington.

It was clear that Obama had suppressed further sanctions, pending effective mediation of the UNASUR (Union of South American Nations), but the development of events precipitated everything. Moreover, Republican sectors, which now rule both houses, demanded a less contemplative approach toward Maduro, and with the prospect of the process of fixing relations with Havana, it seems to be better to give them some peace in at least one of the items.

That is why Washington has been careful not to make the mistake, as it has occurred with the imposition of sanctions on other countries, of ending up strengthening the regimes it is fighting, as it happened with Iran and Cuba. As a result, the sanctions are mild, if you will. Which has not stopped Maduro from using the sovereign speech to rally around a common cause among his own against the Yankee aggression, a formulaic approach supported by some governments of the region.

In the same vein, a fight with Washington is very convenient for Maduro because it distracts Venezuelans, if that is even possible, considering the severity of their domestic problems. But this does not mean that products and medicine will appear on the shelves or that justice will stop rigging itself. Likewise, the world must not be distracted from the fact that electoral authority owes the country the date of the legislative, an announcement that can't keep being postponed with the mirage of a lack of guarantees, for never before has democracy been in such a risk as in the Venezuela of Maduro.


La decisión de Estados Unidos de declarar a Venezuela como una “amenaza para la seguridad nacional” y de sancionar a siete funcionarios marca un punto de quiebre impactante en su ya deteriorada relación y abre una brecha de insospechados alcances en la aproximación y el análisis que Washington hace de lo que pasa con el gobierno de Nicolás Maduro.

El argumento de la declaratoria de emergencia nacional no es el narcotráfico, como sucedió con la Lista Clinton, de 1995, y que atacó a los narcos colombianos y su círculo financiero. Tampoco es el terrorismo o su patrocinio, como en el caso sirio, o cubano. Sino el de las violaciones de los derechos humanos. Palabras más, palabras menos, los sancionan por “persecución política, el control de la libertad de prensa, el uso de la violencia y abusos para responder a las protestas antigubernamentales y los arrestos arbitrarios contra manifestantes, al igual que la creciente corrupción política”, según consigna el presidente Barack Obama en su orden ejecutiva.

Los implicados son funcionarios o exfuncionarios que tuvieron directamente que ver con el manejo, en muchos casos brutal, de las protestas de febrero del 2014, e incluso con el trato judicial a los detenidos, en alusión a la fiscal responsable de la acusación contra el líder opositor y hoy preso alcalde metropolitano de Caracas, Antonio Ledezma. Peor aún, la orden ejecutiva atribuye al Gobierno mismo ser la raíz de los males.

En términos prácticos, la remoción de visas y el bloqueo económico a estos personajes no deberían causar mayor trastorno, pero el gesto político debe ser interpretado por el liderazgo de Caracas como una advertencia que forma parte del escalamiento del disgusto de Washington.

Era claro que Obama había aguantado más sanciones en espera de una mediación efectiva de la Unasur, pero el desarrollo de los acontecimientos precipitó todo. Más aún, sectores republicanos, que ahora gobiernan las dos cámaras, exigían una actitud menos contemplativa hacia Maduro, y en la perspectiva del proceso de arreglo de relaciones con La Habana parece mejor darles un poco de tranquilidad en al menos uno de los ítems.

Por eso, Washington ha sido cuidadoso de no caer en el error –como ha ocurrido con la imposición de sanciones a otros países– de terminar fortaleciendo los regímenes que combate, como sucedió en Irán y en Cuba. En consecuencia, las sanciones son suaves, si se quiere. Lo que no ha evitado que Maduro apele al discurso soberanista para hacer causa común entre los suyos contra la “agresión yanqui”, parlamento de manual que secundan algunos gobiernos de la región.

En ese orden de ideas, la pelea con Washington le cae de perlas a Maduro porque distrae a los venezolanos, si es que eso es posible dada la gravedad de los problemas internos. Pero esto no significa que productos y medicinas aparezcan en los anaqueles o que la justicia deje de amañarse. De la misma forma, el mundo no debe distraerse frente al hecho de que la autoridad electoral le debe al país la fecha de realización de las legislativas, un anuncio al que no se le puede seguir dando largas con el espejismo de la “falta de garantías”, pues nunca como ahora la democracia ha estado tan en riesgo como en la Venezuela de Maduro.
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