Guarding against Lone Wolf Operations Still a Challenge for Ubiquitous American Counterterrorism Measures

Published in China Times
(Taiwan) on 27 March 2016
by (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Jake Eberts. Edited by Graeme Stewart-Wilson.
With terrorist attacks now having occurred in five European countries, across the ocean America is constantly asking itself if the same will occur there. Since 9/11, American high-scrutiny counterterrorism measures have already been in place for over ten years, but “lone wolf style” acts are still difficult to predict.

An investigation by the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation, the Department of Homeland Security and other agencies advised that airports, subway stops, rail cars, large sporting events, concerts, malls and other crowded places are all possible targets of terror attacks.

In both the November 2015 Paris attacks and the suicide bombings in Brussels, Belgium, terrorists selected concert halls, restaurants, airports and subways, confirming the American assessment.

American security experts believe that in addition to intelligence lapses, the insufficiently policed distances between the parking lots and counters of European airports are what gave bombers the opportunity to push their heavy luggage into the customs hall.

Specialists argue that irregular police patrols are still effective in stopping terror attacks, to a certain extent. Checkpoints at crowd entry and exit areas, safety fences and barriers, and a prohibition on carrying large and overweight luggage in and out are all measures that can guard against bombings.

The airports and subways in American metropolitan areas like New York and Washington all have basic security installations. When crowds enter and exit sports events or concerts, they need to go through security checks. These measures create an inconvenience for the people, and may raise transportation costs, but American society is already accustomed to these omnipresent counterterrorism safety considerations.

But the American people still ask, could a large-scale group attack like those in Europe be repeated on American soil? The April 2013 Boston Marathon bombings and the December 2015 San Bernardino shooting were both attacks influenced by terrorist ideologies. While the FBI monitors suspicious Internet and cellphone activity, it is still a challenge to prevent these lone wolf types of attacks.

In the eyes of European nations, American counterterrorism measures are suspect, viewed as possible violations of privacy and human rights. However, after numerous major fatal attacks many members of the U.S. Congress have called on European countries to adopt similar standards and to implement practical counterterrorism measures and intelligence sharing.

Most importantly, the populace must also raise its own level of alertness, or else nothing can be prevented.

American subways, train stations and airports all continuously call on travelers to immediately report any suspicious activities or luggage to the police and safety authorities. Airlines discourage passengers from bringing oversized baggage into the airport. These are all ways to prevent terrorist attacks.


歐洲恐攻危機專題之五歐洲國家發生恐攻,隔海的美國總是要問相同事件會不會發生在美國?911事件後,美國的高規格反恐措施已執行超過10年,但「孤狼式」行動仍難以預料。
美國聯邦調查局與國土安全部等機構在911後評估,機場、地鐵站、鐵路車廂、大型運動賽事、演唱會、購物中心等人潮聚集處,都是恐怖行動的可能目標。
2015年11月巴黎恐攻與比利時布魯塞爾連環自殺式炸彈攻擊,恐怖分子選擇演唱會、餐廳、機場與地鐵車廂,印證了美方的評估。
美國安全專家認為,布魯塞爾攻擊案除了情報疏失外,歐洲機場由停車場到機場櫃台間的距離,安全措施與警力部署顯然不足,炸彈客才有機會推著沉重行李進入出入境大廳。
專家評估,不定時的警力巡邏對遏阻恐怖行動仍然有一定的功效,人潮出入場所設立檢查哨、安全柵欄與壁壘,以及禁止攜帶大型與笨重行李廂出入,都可防止炸彈攻擊。
美國紐約與華府等都會區的機場與地鐵站,都設有基本安全裝置,觀眾進出球賽與演唱會,需經安全檢測;這些措施造成民眾出入不便,或提高運輸成本,美國社會已習於無所不在的防恐安全考量。
但美國民眾還是要問,類似歐洲的組織性大型恐怖攻擊事件,會不會在美國本土重演?
2013年4月波士頓馬拉松爆炸案與2015年12月加州聖伯納地諾(San Bernardino)槍擊案,都是受恐怖主義影響的個別攻擊行動,聯邦調查局雖監控可疑的網路與手機通聯,但仍難防止「孤狼」式攻擊。
在歐洲國家眼中,美國的反恐措施恐有侵犯人權與隱私之嫌。不過多位美國國會議員呼籲,多起重大死傷的攻擊事件後,歐洲國家應採取相同標準,落實執行反恐措施與資訊分享。
最重要的是民眾也要提高警覺,否則防不勝防。
美國地鐵、車站與機場均不斷呼籲,旅客見到任何異狀與可疑行李,應即時向警察與安全人員舉報,航空公司不鼓勵乘客攜帶過大物件進入機場,都能防止恐怖攻擊。
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