It’s not difficult to link the premiere of “Captain America: Civil War,” the new movie in which superheroes Captain America and Iron Man lead opposing factions — much like Batman vs. Superman a short while ago — with the electoral campaign in the United States. This is because the confrontation between the "two wings" of the United States — the cosmopolitan, internationalist and liberal, and the nationalist, ultraconservative and xenophobic — will from now on surely demonstrate unprecedented levels of animosity. Donald Trump, the candidate, represents a cultural civil war torn from the pages of comic books in a media landscape of which he himself is every inch a product.
But those who have long studied the interconnections and parallels between fiction and reality, literature and politics, can call upon other literary counterfactuals to examine the phenomenon that is Trump: this grotesque character who appears to have stepped out of fiction — and in part he has — but who also represents an important but hidden part of the American psyche.
Such a parallel occurs in “The Plot Against America,” the 2004 novel by Philip Roth, which suggests an alternate history, in which hero-aviator Charles Lindbergh, a media star in his own time, is the Republican Party’s candidate for the White House. Lindbergh, a Germanophile, defeats Democratic President Franklin Roosevelt in the presidential election of 1940. This result, which could indeed have happened, asks the question: What might have occurred if the U.S. had elected an anti-Semitic, Nazi-sympathizing president? Might an upstart politician have arrived today at the White House and with his program, his declarations and his alliances, unleashed a climate of persecution against a minority group? Back then, it would have been the Jewish and Japanese; today, the Muslims and Hispanics. Could a politician come to power today who, like Trump, has promised to deport 11 million residents according to their cultural or ethnic origin, or to prohibit entrance into the country of those who follow a particular religion?
Timothy Garton Ash in a recent, colorful tirade coined a name for the monster that has emerged from the guts of the so-called “Western world”; a horrendous amalgamation of Putin, Trump and Le Pen: Putrumpen.
No es difícil vincular el estreno de Civil War, la nueva película que muestra a los superhéroes Capitán América y Iron Man como líderes de facciones enfrentadas -como tiempo atrás fue con Batman vs. Superman-, con la campaña electoral en los EE.UU. Es que la confrontación entre las “dos almas” de los EE.UU. -la cosmopolita, internacionalista y liberal y la nacionalista, ultraconservadora y xenófoba- mostrará a partir de ahora seguramente niveles de virulencia inéditos, con Donald Trump como candidato representando a niveles de comic una guerra civil cultural en la escena de la representación mediática de la que es, él mismo, un producto cabal.
Pero quienes vienen estudiando estos entrecruzamientos y superposiciones entre ficción y realidad, literatura y política, pueden echar mano a otras ucronías para examinar el fenómeno Trump, este esperpéntico personaje que parece salido de la ficción -y en parte lo es- pero representa también un pedazo importante de la América profunda.
Así ocurre con La conjura contra América, novela de Philip Roth publicada en 2004, que plantea una versión alternativa de la historia en la que el héroe de la aviación Charles Lindbergh, una estrella mediática de su tiempo, es el candidato del Partido Republicano a la Casa Blanca. Lindbergh, que es germanófilo, derrota al presidente demócrata Franklin Roosevelt en las elecciones presidenciales de 1940. El hecho, que pudo haber sucedido, plantea el interrogante: ¿Qué habría ocurrido si Estados Unidos hubiese tenido un presidente antisemita y filonazi? ¿Podría ocurrir ahora que un político advenedizo llegase a la Casa Blanca y que su programa, sus declaraciones, sus alianzas desataran un clima persecutorio contra una minoría -entonces los judíos y los japoneses, hoy los musulmanes y los hispanos-? ¿Podría llegar al poder un político que, como ha hecho Trump, prometiese expulsar a once millones de residentes, identificados con un origen cultural o étnico, o prohibir la entrada a su territorio a los fieles de una religión?
Timothy Garton Ash, en un vibrante alegato reciente, le pone un nombre al monstruo que se ha engendrado desde las entrañas del llamado “mundo occidental”: una horrenda amalgama de Putin, Trump y Le Pen: Putrumpen.
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