‘Division of US’ Clearly Shown in First Presidential Debate

Published in Hankyoreh
(South Korea) on 27 September 2016
by Editorial (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Yoonsik Park. Edited by Helaine Schweitzer.
The U.S. presidential election is about 40 days away, and the first one-on-one presidential debate was held on Sept. 26. Democratic Party nominee Hillary Clinton has been receiving a more positive response. U.S. citizens preferred the calm Clinton over aggressive Republican nominee Donald Trump. No special promises were made during the debate, but it was the world’s biggest political show, which definitely highlighted the differences between the two candidates.

As expected, foreign policy was the biggest issue of debate. Clinton mostly stayed within the focus of traditional U.S. policy aims, while Trump clearly favored protectionism and pro-American policies. Trump previously said, “We cannot afford to be the military and police for the world … They have to pay… They have to defend themselves.” His freeloader theory shows he is more interested in economic gain than in keeping alliances intact. Attacking the Chinese as job thieves and arguing that China should deal with the North Korean nuclear threat on its own is unrealistic and prone to cause future conflict. He also attacked the Iran nuclear deal of July 2015, claiming that it is the “worst deal ever.” It seems that Middle Eastern politics will become even more complicated if he is elected.

Regarding domestic policy, ongoing gun violence and racism were the main points of debate. Both agreed that these were serious issues. However, Clinton suggested “reconciliation between the police and local communities,” while Trump attacked the government and politicians, pushing for the recovery of law and order. On economic issues, such as decreasing unemployment, the two candidates disagreed once again: raising minimum wage and ensuring equal pay for both genders (Clinton) versus the renegotiation of trade agreements (Trump).

The debate involved mudslinging; the two candidates repeated personal attacks against each other. Clinton called Trump a racist and a sexist, who has “called women pigs, slobs, and dogs.” Meanwhile, Trump tried to highlight Clinton’s health issues, such as the recent incident during which she fainted for a brief moment, and her email scandal. This runs somewhat afield from the original intent of the elections, which is to choose the better candidate to lead the country as part of a competition rooted in good faith. Of course, Trump is largely responsible for this, as his main tactics so far have involved propaganda.

As shown throughout this debate, U.S. society is divided on its values and the future of its country, and this can only affect foreign policy. This division seems to be a difficult problem to solve, no matter who is elected, but the direction that the U.S. will head in depends greatly on who is elected. Therefore, we should pay close attention to the U.S. presidential election.


미국 대선을 40여일 앞두고 26일(현지시각) 열린 첫 티브이 토론에서 힐러리 클린턴 민주당 후보가 더 나은 평가를 받았다. 미국인들은 거친 도널드 트럼프 공화당 후보보다 차분한 클린턴 후보 쪽을 선호했다. 이날 토론은 특별히 새로운 공약은 없었으나 두 후보의 차이를 분명히 드러낸 ‘지구촌 최대 정치쇼’였다.

두 후보가 가장 크게 대립한 분야는 역시 대외정책이었다. 클린턴은 대체로 미국 주류의 전통적인 기조에 머문 반면, 트럼프는 보호무역주의와 미국 우선주의 색채를 뚜렷이 표출했다. “공정한 몫의 방위비를 내지 않는다면 우리는 그들(한국·일본 등)을 방어할 수 없다”는 트럼프의 ‘안보 무임승차론’은 동맹 유지보다 경제적 손익을 앞세우는 태도를 잘 보여준다. 중국을 일자리 도둑으로 공격하고 북핵 위협도 중국이 다뤄야 한다는 그의 발언은 갈등 지향적이자 현실성도 떨어진다. 그는 지난해 7월 타결된 이란 핵 협상도 ‘최악의 협상’이라고 공격해, 그가 당선된다면 중동 정세가 더 혼란스러워질 가능성이 크다.

국내 사안에서는 빈발하는 총격 사건과 인종차별 문제가 쟁점이 됐다. 사태의 심각성에선 인식을 같이했으나 클린턴은 ‘경찰과 지역공동체 사이의 신뢰 회복’을 제시한 반면, 트럼프는 정부와 정치권을 함께 비판하면서 ‘법과 질서의 회복’을 강조했다. 일자리 등 경제 문제에선 ‘최저임금 인상과 남녀 균등임금(클린턴) 대 무역협정 재협상(트럼프)’ 등으로 대립했다.

이날 토론은 두 후보가 인신공격을 되풀이하는 이전투구 양상을 보였다. 클린턴은 트럼프가 ‘여성을 돼지와 굼벵이, 개라고 부른 성차별주의자’ ‘인종차별주의자’라고 공격했고, 트럼프는 최근 폐렴으로 잠깐 쓰러졌던 클린턴의 건강 문제와 이메일 스캔들 등을 부각하려 했다. 더 나은 지도자를 뽑기 위한 선의의 경쟁이라는 선거 본연의 의미와는 거리가 있는 모습이다. 물론 선거전이 이렇게 된 데는 대중 선동을 핵심 전략으로 삼아온 트럼프의 책임이 크다.

이번 토론에서 보듯이 미국 사회는 기본 가치와 나라의 진로를 두고 분열돼 있으며, 이는 대외정책에도 반영될 수밖에 없다. 누가 당선되더라도 이를 근본적으로 해결하기는 어렵겠지만 방향을 어떻게 잡느냐에 따라 결과는 크게 달라진다. 미국 대선을 주목해야 하는 이유다.
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