Analyzing ‘The Trump Phenomenon’ and Its Influence on the American Economy

Published in Caixin
(China) on 17 November 2016
by Zeng Zhihua (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Gina Elia. Edited by Helaine Schweitzer.
The curtain has finally fallen on an American election that tautened the nerves of the entire world. This was a hair-raising election, perhaps the most important in the history of the United States; there were even people who thought it was a revolution in defense of the American Constitution. Perhaps the entire world’s elite felt strongly that this election was a mishap, unable for a very long time to face its “bizarre” result. But if one stays in the U.S. for a long time and understands the realistic situation of the American people, it is not hard to understand why Trump and the Republican Party obtained a hard-to-believe victory in this election. The evening of the day before the election, the media asked for my opinion. I told them there was a good chance Trump would win, and that just like Brexit, the election might go against the expectations of many people (as an aside, I also correctly predicted that the United Kingdom would withdraw from the European Union – at the time, I was participating in a forum in Shenzhen).

Surveying the entire process, this election had several distinctive characteristics: First, it was an intense battle between America’s middle class (“the silent majority”) and its elite and special interest groups as well as society’s underprivileged ethnic minorities. Trump, who has no experience engaging in politics, represented the grassroots interests of America’s vast number of middle-class and white people. He had to face not only Hillary, an old hand in political circles, and the entire Democratic Party (including the current president), but also a mainstream media as well as a very large number of pro-establishment Republicans who discredited him almost entirely without reservation.

Rather than saying Trump is ingenious, it would be better to say that it was everything the Obama government did in the past eight years that made the American people extremely dispirited, consequently making them switch sides. Policies that Obama and the Democrats proposed such as legalizing same-sex marriage, legalizing marijuana, men and women using the same bathroom, letting a good number of Muslims enter the country, legalizing illegal immigrants, the AHEAD Act,* affirmative action (a policy which provides that colleges, universities and companies must take people’s race into account in their admission processes and even limit acceptance of people of Asian lineage with excellent grades, whites, and so on) as well as increasing taxes to support the segment of the population that does not work yet is the main consumer of welfare, all seriously threatened the interests of the middle class. In addition, Hillary’s email scandal and much corruption behind the scenes in the Clinton Foundation deeply worried people. Consequently “the silent majority” no longer chose silence, but rather rose to resistance. Although Trump also has a few obvious blemishes, compared with the harm of the Democratic Party, one could say he was the “lesser of two evils,” and furthermore his views exactly reflected the feelings of “the silent majority”; consequently, his flaws did not affect his becoming a spokesman for the middle class. People believed that as an outsider to government, he would truly confront special interest groups and remedy government corruption.

Secondly, this election was also a showdown between internet news media and traditional media. In this election, new and developing internet media displayed an influence it had never had before. Although mainstream media attacked Trump almost entirely without reservation and supported Hillary, and furthermore, opinion polls before the election also mostly indicated that Hillary would win, the situation for a lot of social media was totally different. Every day on Facebook and WeChat, a good deal of the texts, videos, and pictures were transmitted supporting the preferred candidate of the sender. A lot of negative news about the Democrats and Hillary (including WikiLeaks’ divulging of the emails, pictures, and so on of Hillary and her aides) was disseminated in large amounts, although most mainstream media seemingly considered this internet news dubious at best. Social media had the advantage of speed, easy dissemination and interactive quality, which were vividly and incisively brought into play, making mainstream media, which seemed to be seriously out of touch with reality, feel inferior in comparison. Many people believe that the CEO of Facebook suddenly switched to supporting Trump before the election because he analyzed Facebook’s big data and promptly altered his views to fit the trend of the time. This could not be done with the one-way communication of traditional media. Now, many mainstream media outlets, including CNN, The New York Times and so on, are reflecting on how to once more win the people’s trust.

Third, in terms of spirituality, this was a huge collision between traditional Christian values and those of secular liberalism. The United States has traditionally been a Christian country. According to surveys, currently about 75 percent of the population still self-identifies as Christian, but this has dropped roughly 5 percent in comparison to 2008 when Obama took the stage. The legalization of same-sex marriage, the bill allowing men and women to use the same bathroom that was forcibly carried out despite the opposition of a good deal of the middle class, the oppression of Christian belief, support for abortion, policies drawing masses of Muslim immigrants to the U.S. and other such policies which the Democratic government supported in the name of so-called “political correctness” came into intense conflict with traditional American values. In the context of much upheaval and unrest concerning illegal immigrants and terrorist activities in many countries in Europe, most evangelical Christians in the U.S. sensed an unprecedented crisis; consequently, they resolutely entered into supporting the Republican ranks, whose values and policies were closest to theirs. Thus, the involvement of a good many Christians in the Republican victory on this occasion cannot be left unrecognized.

Fourth, another important phenomenon was the unprecedented level of participation of people of Chinese lineage, both American and foreign born. Because most Chinese Americans are also middle class, they also abhorred many of the Democratic Party’s methods in the past few years. Thus, one after another they entered the ranks supporting the Republican Party. They had a strong sense of calling to save the country from the midst of disaster. Chinese people, who had once been called “mute Americans,” contrary to their usual shyness energetically took action, using every kind of method to canvass for the Republican Party; for example, making phone calls, knocking on doors, donating money to rent billboards, renting planes to swing over states in the air pulling distinguished Trump banners, and so on. On the day of the election, many Chinese-Americans and Chinese-born American citizens who were normally indifferent to politics came out to vote. This was unheard of in the United States.

Although the number of Chinese people is small, they have already grown into a strength that cannot be overlooked in American political circles. After the election ended, Trump himself gave a speech thanking Chinese people. He said that the Chinese and the Republican Party have many similar values: “Work hard, educate sons and daughters to energetically strive upward, don’t drink excessively, don’t do drugs, get good grades in school, make your parents and your grandparents proud, and leave behind a lasting legacy for later generations.” **

Now that Trump has won the United States presidential election, what kind of influence will he have on the American economy? In his speech at Gettysburg on Oct. 22 in which Trump listed the new policies he would carry out in his first 100 days of office as part of his “100-day action plan,” he rudimentarily sketched out some of his blueprints for the economy. Of these the most important points were his plan for reducing taxes and his plan for investment in infrastructure. This was based on his proposed bill on reduction and simplification of middle-class taxation.

The middle class would receive the greatest reduction: A middle-class two-family household would receive a 35 percent tax reduction. The current seven categories of income tax brackets would also be reduced to only three categories, and tax forms would also accordingly become more simplified. Business tax rates would be reduced from 35 percent to 15 percent. He will also tax cash held overseas by companies at 10 percent, which is expected to encourage an estimated trillions of dollars in American corporations’ overseas cash to flow back into the United States. This is an economic plan whose aim is to cause gross domestic product growth to reach 4 percent and produce 25 million new jobs by means of the reduction and simplification of tax laws. At the same time, this forms a complete package with trade reform, an act that would relax regulations and ease up on the limits on American energy sources and such.

Another rather attractive bill to pay attention to is the United States energy sources and capital construction bill, which aims to create competition between joint state-private ownership investing and private investing through tax incentives, thereby initiating a process of constructing $1 trillion in capital investing over 10 years. In addition, he wants to expand business and technical education and make two-year and four-year colleges and universities less expensive. I believe that as a president who is also a businessman, Trump will be fairly pragmatic and will focus even more on domestic economic development while not expanding overseas; this is all extremely advantageous to the long-term economic growth of the United States. It seems that Wall Street has very quickly come to understand this. On the day of the election, although the stock market shockingly declined in the early morning, by the afternoon it had largely rebounded, and finally hugely increased by 257 points (close to 1.5 percent). Stocks continued to grow over the next few days, reaching their highest point in history.

In addition to economic policy, Trump pledges to reform the Washington bureaucracy, for instance by imposing term limits on Congressmen, instituting a government-wide personnel hiring freeze, and adding limits to the lobbying activities of White House officials after they retire. He also will announce to the government his process of open hiring for close to 4,000 positions at the levels of assistant directors and up, and additionally says he will not accept the presidential salary. His sons and daughters say they will not work in the new government. All of this creates a completely new impression of Trump. Many people think the reason he can do all of this is because he is a successful businessman and did not need to rely on political donations to compete, and also consequently does not need to have too many misgivings about being able to carry out his reforms. As for whether these promises will be realized, people will have to wait and see.

Naturally what everybody is worried about now is that Trump’s trade protectionism policies might adopt some measures affecting China. Although Trump quite possibly will carry out some hard measures aimed at China, according to the analysis of Trump’s consultant Wilbur Ross, the likelihood of a full-scale trade war erupting between the U.S. and China is not great. The premise that Chinese exported products will be subject to high tariffs suggests that the value of the renminbi is seriously underrated, but recently the International Monetary Fund has said that the valuation of the renminbi is reasonable. On the basis of the increasing growth of mutual investment (this year China has already invested $300 trillion into the U.S., and the total sum is more than $640 trillion) and economic dependency, the two countries will definitely adopt a reasonable approach.

Although Trump and the Republican Party have already obtained a historic victory, the path of the president going forward is not smooth. Conflicts within the U.S. among different economic classes and races have already reached an extraordinarily intense degree; the protest marches after the election, even in some cases leading to violent incidents, embody this conflict. How to bridge this increasingly torn society, reduce its huge deficit, and maintain the United States’ increasingly downhill competitiveness are all huge challenges that the new president faces. I believe that the new government Trump will lead will be able, with effort, to overcome every difficulty, and to create anew the glory of the United States. After all, a peaceful and prospering United States is the good fortune of the entire world.

*Editor’s note: AHEAD is an acronym for the AHEAD Act or Accounting for Health and Education in the API (California Asian Pacific Islander) Demographic.

**Editor’s note: Although accurately translated, this quote could not be independently verified.


解析“特朗普现象”及对美国经济的影响

一场让全世界神经紧绷的美国选举终于落幕了。这是一场惊心动魄的选举,也许是美国历史上最重要的一次选举,甚至有人认为是一场捍卫美国宪法的革命。选举结果可能令全世界的精英们大感意外,久久不能面对这“离奇”的结果。但如果久在美国,了解美国大众的真实情况,就不难明白为什么特朗普和共和党在这场选举中取得了难以置信的胜利。选举前一天晚上,曾有媒体问我的意见,我就告诉他们特朗普很可能会赢,就像英国脱欧一样,出乎很多人的意料(顺便插一句,我也曾正确判断了英国脱欧事件 –- 当时刚好在深圳参加一个论坛)。

纵观整个过程,这次大选有几个显著的特征:其一,这是一次美国中产阶级(即“沉默的大多数”)与美国精英和既得利益集团以及社会底层少数族裔的激烈交锋。没有从政经验的特朗普代表的是美国广大中产阶级和白人草根的利益。他要面对的不仅是政坛老手希拉里和整个民主党(包括现任总统),还有几乎一边倒给他抹黑的主流媒体以及共和党建制派中的很大一部分(包括共和党前总统老布什和小布什)。与其说特朗普有多能干,倒不如说是过去8年奥巴马政府的所作所为让美国大众极其失望因而倒戈一击。奥巴马和民主党所倡导的同性婚姻合法化、大麻合法化、男女同厕、让大批穆斯林入境、非法移民合法化、亚裔细分法案、平权法案(即在高校和公司要按人种分配名额并对成绩优异的亚裔和白人限定名额等)以及增加税赋去养那些不工作而主要吃福利的人群等都严重威胁到了中产阶级的利益。再加上希拉里的邮件门和克林顿基金会的很多腐败内幕使人忧心忡忡。因而“沉默的大多数”不再选择沉默,而奋起抗争。虽然特朗普也有一些明显的污点,但与民主党的危害相比,可以说是“小巫见大巫”,而且他的主张刚好反应了“沉默的大多数”的心声,因而不影响他成为中产阶级的代言人。人们相信,作为局外人的他,可以真真面对既得利益集团,扭转政府的腐败。

其二,这次选举也是网络新媒体与传统媒体的一次对决。新兴网络媒体在这次选举中发挥了前所未有的影响。尽管主流媒体几乎一边倒地打击特朗普、支持希拉里,而且它们大选前的民调也大多是预示希拉里赢,但很多社交媒体上的情形却是大相径庭。Facebook和微信上每天都在传送着大批的短信、录像和图片来为自己喜欢的候选人助选。很多民主党和希拉里的负面信息(包括维基解密中泄露的希拉里和她助手的邮件和图片等)都在大量地传播,尽管大多主流媒体对这些似乎置如罔问。社交媒体的及时性、普及性和交互性的优势发挥得淋漓尽致,这使似乎与现实严重脱节的主流媒体“自惭形秽”。很多人相信Facebook老总在大选前突然转向支持特朗普是因为分析了脸书上的大数据而及时“顺应潮流”。这是只有单向交流的传统媒体无法做到的。现在很多主流媒体包括CNN、纽约时报等都在反省如何重新赢得大众的信任。

其三,从属灵的意义上来说,这是一次基督教传统价值观与世俗自由主义价值观的一次大冲撞。美国传统上是一个基督教国家。根据调查,目前大概仍有75%的人口自认为是基督徒,但比奥巴马上台时的2008年相比,下降了5%左右。民主党政府在所谓“政治正确“的名义下所做的同性恋合法化、不顾大批中产阶级的反对强行推行男女同厕法案、压迫基督教信仰、支持堕胎、大量引进穆斯林移民等政策与美国的传统价值观产生了尖锐的冲突。在欧洲很多国家都在为非法移民和恐怖活动搞得动荡不安的情况下,美国的大多数福音派基督徒们感觉到了空前的危机,因而他们毅然加入到了支持在价值观和政策上与之最为接近的共和党的行列。因此这次共和党获胜,大批基督徒的介入功不可没。大选前夜,著名的美国福音派牧师葛培理在Facebook上现场带领美国基督徒为第二天的大选祷告,有几十万人参与。连平常很少参与政治的宾州Amish 人也几乎倾巢出动去投票。

其四,还有一个重要的现象就是:美国华人的参与前所未有。因为大部分美国华人也都是中产阶级,他们对近年来民主党的很多做法也是深恶痛绝,因而纷纷加入支持共和党的行列,大有救国家于危难之中的使命感。一向被称为“哑裔”的中国人也都一反往常的腼腆,积极行动起来以各种方式为共和党拉票,如打电话、敲门扫票、捐钱租广告牌、租飞机在摇摆州上空拉挺特朗普的横幅等。在大选当日,有很多平时对政治漠不关心的华人和亚裔也都出来投票。这在美国是前所未闻的。华人人数虽少,但已成为美国政坛不可忽视的一支力量。选举结束后,特朗普亲自发信给华人致谢,称华人与共和党有很多相同的价值观 –- “努力工作、教育子女们要积极向上、不酗酒、不吸毒、在学校取得好成绩、使父母和祖父母们感到骄傲,并给后人留下一个永久的遗产。”

现在特朗普已成功当选美国总统,他会对美国的经济产生什么样的影响呢?特朗普10月22日在葛底斯堡的演讲列出了他的“百日新政”, 初步勾画出了他的一些经济蓝图。其中最重要的是税收减免计划和基础设施投资计划。根据他提的中产阶级税务减轻和简化法案。中产将得到最大的税务减免: 一个2孩的中产家庭会得到35%的税务减免, 并将目前的税务种类从7种减少到3种, 税表也会相应简化。商业税率会从35%减少到15%, 预计数以万亿美元的美国企业海外资金会以10%的速度回流。这是一项旨在通过减税和简化税法使得GDP增速达到4%、产生两千五百万个新工作的经济计划。同时与之配套的还会有贸易改革、宽松法规和减轻美国能源限制等举措。另外一个比较引人关注的是美国能源与基建法案, 旨在通过税收优惠来争取公私合营投资和私人投资,从而进行一项为期10年的1万亿美元的基建投资工程。此外他还将拓展职业教育和技能教育, 并使2年制和4年制的大学更便宜。作为一个商人总统, 相信特朗普将会比较务实, 更加注重国内经济的发展, 而非海外扩张, 这一切都对美国经济的长期发展非常有利。这一点好像华尔街很快就读懂了。在大选的当天, 尽管早晨股市震荡下跌, 但到中午时大幅反弹, 最后大涨了257点(近1.5%)。在接下来的几天里股票继续大涨, 达到了历史上的最高点。

除了经济政策外, 特朗普誓言要改变华盛顿的官僚体系, 如规定国会成员的任期上限, 冻结部分联邦机构的人员招聘,对白宫官员卸任后从事游说活动增加限制, 并公布对政府近4000个副部级以上的职务进行公开招聘, 并称他自己不会拿总统工资,其子女称不会在新政府任职。这一切都让人耳目一新。很多人认为他能做到这一些是因为他自己是个成功的商人, 不需要依靠政治捐款来竞选, 因而也无须有太多顾虑来实施改革。这些诺言能否兑现, 人们将拭目以待。

当然目前大家比较担心的是特朗普的贸易保护主义政策及对中国可能采取的贸易措施。虽然特朗普很可能对中国采取一些强硬的措施, 但根据特朗普的顾问威尔博∙罗斯(Wilbur Ross)的分析, 中美之间爆发一场全面的贸易战的可能性是不大的。对中国的出口商品征收高关税的前提是有证据证明人民币存在严重低估的情况, 而近来IMF认为人民币的估值是合理的。基于日益增长的相互投资 (中国今年在美国的年投资已达300亿美元, 总量达640亿美元)和经济依赖, 双方一定会采取理性的态度。

虽然特朗普和共和党已取得历史性的胜利, 但接下来的总统之路并不平坦. 美国国内不同阶层和种族之间的矛盾已达到异常尖锐的程度, 大选后的抗议游行甚至暴力事件正是这种矛盾的体现. 如何弥合这个日益撕裂的社会、降低巨大的赤子、并保持美国日益衰落的竞争力将是美国新总统面临的巨大挑战。相信特朗普领导的新政府能够力克重重困难, 再创美国辉煌。毕竟一个和平和繁荣的美国是全世界的福份。
This post appeared on the front page as a direct link to the original article with the above link .

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