Questioning the UN’s Role in Maintaining Global Stability

Published in Nikkei Shimbun
(Japan) on 19 December 2016
by Fatuma Muhamed (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Fatuma Muhamed. Edited by Helaine Schweitzer.
United Nations Secretary-General Ban Ki-Moon will retire once his term ends next month, and Portugal's former Prime Minister António Guterres will succeed him. This will be the first time in 10 years that the face of the U.N. has changed.

It is concerning that America and various countries of Europe – nations that emerged as leaders of the world order following World War II – are now rushing down a self-centered path, rocked by the wave of reactionary politics. As supporters of global security and stability, what role can the U.N. play in all this? That is the question.

President-elect Donald Trump's unpredictable stance on diplomacy is one source of concern.

Hasn't America prioritized its own interests, preferred making direct dealings with fellow major powers and ignored multinational agreements and accords made at the U.N? The U.N. has devoted time to the fields of environmentalism, development, and human rights. Aren't the fruits of its labor being undermined? Isn't there a risk of international agreements and norms skewing toward unilateralism? The list of questions goes on and on.

Trump has expressed intentions to withdraw from the Paris Treaty, an international agreement made under the auspices of the United Nations. This would have an enormous impact. From North Korea's nuclear program to the Syrian civil war, the U.N. faces a mountain of issues. Unless America behaves responsibly and stands up to face these challenges, the U.N. will not function.

In order to participate constructively, each member nation will need to appeal to the incoming Trump administration. The U.N. has more than a few limits and weaknesses, but there exists no structure to replace it. I want to have hope in the new secretary-general's leadership.

Dec. 18 marks Japan's 60th year in the United Nations. It joined in 1956, after mending ties with the Soviet Union (now Russia). Japan can be proud that it has been voted into the U.N. Security Council more than any other nation, and that its financial donations to the U.N. are second only to America.

Japan is permitted to deploy its Self Defense Forces in peacekeeping operations – another step toward emphasizing Japan's contributions to the cause.

However, Japan's presence and influential voice are still sorely lacking. For example, the number of Japanese personnel working for the U.N. is far below the desirable level. The challenge lies in creating the kind of favorable environment and attitude necessary to create actively participating personnel.

I also want Japan to make progress in Security Council reforms that expand its role in the United Nations. Then, Japan must present a convincing plan that shows just how important it is. The goal: having the power to construct and propel great visions of diplomacy.


国連事務総長の潘基文氏が月末に任期満了で退任し、1月からポルトガル元首相のグテレス氏が新事務総長になる。10年ぶりの「国連の顔」交代だ。

 第2次大戦後の世界秩序を主導してきた米欧諸国はいま、変化を求める政治のうねりに揺れ、内向きで自国優先の路線に走ることが懸念されている。国際社会の安全と安定を支える国連がどんな役割を果たすかが問われる局面だ。

 国連にとって不安な点のひとつは、米国のトランプ次期大統領の外交姿勢が読めないことだ。

 米国が自国の利益ばかり優先して大国同士の直接取引を好み、国連を舞台とする多国間の調整や合意づくりをないがしろにすることはないか。環境や開発、人権といった国連が時間をかけて成果をあげてきた分野を軽視し、国際的な合意や規範から一方的にはずれる恐れはないか。疑問は尽きない。

 地球温暖化対策でトランプ氏は、国連のもとで合意に至ったパリ協定から離脱する意向を示したことがある。そうなれば影響は甚大だ。北朝鮮の核問題やシリア内戦など、国連が直面する課題は山積している。米国が責任ある態度を示し、難題に立ち向かわない限り国連は機能しない。

 建設的に関与するよう、各国はトランプ次期政権に働きかける必要がある。国連に限界や欠点は少なくないが、ほかに代わりうる枠組みはない。新しい事務総長のリーダーシップにも期待したい。

 日本がソ連(現在のロシア)と国交を回復した1956年に国連に加盟してから、この18日で60年を迎えた。安全保障理事会の非常任理事国に最も多く選ばれ、国連財政への拠出も米国に次いで多いなど、大きな貢献をしてきたことを誇ってよい。

 国連の平和維持活動(PKO)で「駆けつけ警護」などを可能にし、貢献強化へ新たな一歩も踏み出した。

 だが、日本の発言力や存在感はまだまだ不十分だ。例えば国連で働く日本人職員の数は、望ましいとされる水準を大幅に下回っている。国連で活躍する人材を輩出できる態勢や環境づくりが課題だ。

 日本の役割拡大をめざす安保理の機構改革もそろそろ前に進めたい。それには日本の地位強化が国連にどう役立つのか、説得力のある案を示さなければならない。求められるのは、外交の大きなビジョンを構築し推進する力だ。
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