South Korea’s Conflicts with China and Japan Shouldn’t Jeopardize Its Alliance with the US

Published in SE Daily
(South Korea) on 8 January 2017
by (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Kang An. Edited by Emily Heilker.
Japan-South Korea relations are plummeting. Following the recall of its envoy, Yasumasa Nagamine, last week to protest the establishment of the comfort woman statue outside its consulate in Busan, South Korea, the Japanese government also suspended ongoing negotiations on a currency swap, along with other high-level economic talks. These measures, meant to penalize South Korea’s failure to comply with the comfort women agreement reached in December 2015, have placed the two nations on the brink of breaking diplomatic relations.

“It is a matter of national credibility to implement [the agreement] even if the government changes,” Japanese Prime Minister Shinzo Abe said on Aug. 8. “Japan has already paid one billion yen, as we sincerely fulfilled our obligation. I think it’s now South Korea’s turn to show sincerity in an unwavering manner.” While the people of South Korea feel that the Japanese government is overreacting to the installation of the statue — given that private organizations are driving said installation — Japan has made it clear that there will be no improvement in relations until the statue is removed. This development doesn’t benefit either country. The New York Times published an editorial on Jan. 6 stating, “What is needed is recognition on both sides, and in Washington, that the December 2015 agreement cannot be allowed to collapse, along with a concerted effort to calm the waters.” The editorial also introduced the context of the comfort women agreement: “The tension between two countries that should be jointly confronting North Korea’s nuclear threat and China’s spreading influence prompted Washington to mediate an agreement in December 2015 in which Japan apologized and promised $8.3 million to care for the surviving women.”

South Korean diplomacy has its back to the wall. China is also pressuring us on all sides regarding the deployment of the Terminal High Altitude Area Defense missile defense system, creating a division of public opinion within our country. THAAD, a measure to protect against the North Korean nuclear threat, directly correlates to South Korea’s national security. It is also related to the defense of the United States Forces Korea and the Republic of Korea Armed Forces. In this context, it’s clear that any attempt to mess with THAAD will be received by the U.S. government as a serious diplomatic challenge. We need to keep in mind that our conflicts with both China and Japan are correlated to, and may jeopardize our alliance with, the United States. We South Koreans need to consider the consolidation of the U.S.-South Korea alliance our core priority. While Japan should not extend our historical conflicts to the economy or the private sector, South Korea also should not unnecessarily provoke Japan or make our relationship worse.


한일관계가 최악의 상황으로 치닫고 있다. 일본 정부는 지난주 말 부산 일본영사관 앞의 소녀상 설치에 항의해 나가미네 야스마사 주한 일본대사와 부산총영사를 일시 귀국 조치한 데 이어 양국 간 경제 고위급협의와 통화스와프 협상을 중단했다. 일본 정부는 이번 조치가 2015년 12월에 맺은 위안부 합의가 지켜지지 않은 데 따른 것이라며 외교관계를 끊는 단교 직전 수준에 해당하는 초강수를 뒀다.

아베 신조 일본 총리는 8일 ‘국가 간 신용’ 문제까지 언급하며 “한국 측이 제대로 성의를 보여야 한다”고 말했다. 소녀상 설치가 민간단체 주도로 진행되고 있는데도 일본 정부가 지나치게 민감하게 반응한다는 우리 내부 기류와 달리 소녀상 철거가 이뤄지지 않는 이상 당분간 관계개선은 없다는 점을 분명히 한 셈이다. 이 같은 전개는 양국 모두에 이롭지 못하다. 미국 뉴욕타임스(NYT)는 6일자 사설에서 “지금 요구되는 것은 양국과 미국이 양국 간 (위안부) 합의가 무너지도록 내버려둘 수 없음을 인식하는 것”이라고 지적했을 정도다. 사설은 당시 위안부 합의가 북핵 위협과 중국의 영향력 확장에 공동 대응해야 함에도 갈등이 깊어가자 미국 정부가 합의를 중재했던 것이라고 배경을 소개하기까지 했다.

우리 외교는 지금 엎친 데 덮친 격이다. 중국도 고고도미사일방어체계(THAAD·사드) 문제로 한국을 전방위적으로 압박하면서 국내 여론의 분열을 획책하고 있다. 사드는 일차적으로 북핵에 대한 방어수단으로 우리 안보 문제와 직결된다. 게다가 주한미군과 국군 전력의 방어와도 관련이 있다. 이런 판에 사드 전선이 흔들릴 경우 미국 정부는 이를 심각한 외교적 도전으로 받아들일 게 분명하다. 한중·한일 간 갈등 뒤에는 하나같이 한미동맹 관계가 걸려 있음을 깨달아야 한다. 그럴수록 한미동맹의 굳건함을 기본으로 삼아야 한다. 일본도 역사 문제를 경제나 민간 부문으로 확대하지 말아야 하지만 우리 역시 불필요하게 일본을 자극하거나 관계 악화의 빌미를 만들어서는 안 되겠다.
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