Preserving a Republic

Published in El País
(Spain) on 22 March 2018
by Jorge Galindo (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Marta Quirós Alarcón. Edited by Tiana Robles.
An essential element to achieving equilibrium is keeping the general public as active as is it informed and responsible

According to legend, while he was exiting the Constitutional Convention that founded the American democracy in 1787, someone asked Benjamin Franklin whether they had given birth to a republic or a monarchy in there. Franklin's answer is already commonplace in the country's political discussion: "A republic, if you can keep it."

No democracy in the world can avoid facing the dilemma between expressing the natural conflict of interest and keeping social order. Supposedly, an essential element to achieving equilibrium is keeping the general public as active as it is informed and responsible. Franklin's sour line raises a somewhat cynical – albeit realistic – question mark over this possibility.

The combination between a weak, yet skillful autocratic government (Russia), a platform of mass dissemination with low standards (Facebook), and – above all – the existence of a citizenry cozy inside its own partisan bubbles has ended up being explosive to the delicate balance. Putin's aim, which was not to put Trump in the White House as much as to accentuate the already intense division between voters, has been fulfilled. For the moment.

Because now is when a republic which inaugurated political modernity is facing the key risk: Now, when leaders of institutions in charge of defending institutional security (FBI and CIA ex-directors) are openly accusing Trump. Now, when the special prosecutor's investigation into the relationship between the president's campaign and the Russian state is moving forward. Sooner rather than later, the American people will have to choose between partisanship or republic.

Their elected representatives will have to do this since the ability to question and expel Trump from the head of the executive rests upon them. Just as they also have the power to transform that act into something emerging from a consensus that does not create even further division. What is sad (and also beautiful) is that they will either do this or not depending on an electoral calculation: the preferences of citizens. The preservation of the republic will depend on them.


Mantener una república

Un elemento esencial para lograr el equilibrio es mantener una ciudadanía tan activa como informada y responsable

Cuenta la leyenda que, al salir de la Convención Constitucional que fundó la democracia estadounidense en 1787, alguien le preguntó a Benjamin Franklin si lo que allí dentro habían parido era una república o una monarquía. La respuesta de Franklin ya es un lugar común en las discusiones políticas del país: “Una república, si es que son capaces de mantenerla”.

No hay democracia en el mundo que no se enfrente al dilema entre expresar el natural conflicto de intereses y mantener el orden social. Se supone que un elemento esencial para lograr el equilibrio es mantener una ciudadanía tan activa como informada y responsable. La ácida frase de Franklin pone un interrogante, un tanto cínico, pero también realista, sobre esta posibilidad.

La combinación entre un Gobierno autocrático débil, pero hábil (Rusia), una plataforma de difusión masiva de contenido sin apenas criterio (Facebook) y, sobre todo, la existencia de una ciudadanía acomodada en sus respectivas burbujas partidistas ha resultado explosiva para el delicado equilibrio. El objetivo de Putin, que no era tanto poner a Trump en la Casa Blanca como acentuar la ya de por sí intensa división entre votantes, se ha cumplido. Por el momento.

Porque es ahora cuando una república que inauguró la modernidad política se enfrenta al reto clave: ahora, que líderes de instituciones que están encargadas de defender la seguridad de las instituciones (los exdirectores del FBI y de la CIA) acusan sin tapujos a Trump. Ahora, que la investigación del fiscal especial sobre la relación entre la campaña del presidente y el Estado ruso avanza. Más temprano que tarde, el pueblo estadounidense deberá escoger entre partidismo o república.

Lo harán sus representantes electos, pues en ellos reside la capacidad de cuestionar y expulsar a Trump de la cabeza del Ejecutivo. Como también disponen del poder de convertir ese acto en algo que emerja del consenso y no siembre todavía más división. Lo triste (y también hermoso) es que lo harán o no dependiendo del cálculo electoral: de las preferencias de los ciudadanos. De ellos dependerá el mantenimiento de la república.
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