Turkish Currency Crisis

Published in Chunichi Shimbun
(Japan) on 20 August 2018
by Editorial (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Deborah Chapin. Edited by Alen Amini.
The Turkish currency crisis is exerting a negative influence on the world’s economy. The circumstance is a conflict between the U.S. and Turkey, and both leaders’ actions are spurring the crisis. Before it turns into a grave situation, the international community should move to create harmony.

The conflict began in 2016 after an attempted coup took place in Turkey. The U.S. continues to refuse to extradite Gülen, a U.S.-based Islamic leader who President Erdogan believes participated in the incident. The same year, Turkey detained U.S. citizen, Pastor Brunson, for involvement in the incident. The pastor was an influential supporter of the Republican party and is an evangelical Christian. The U.S. mid-term elections are approaching, and President Trump has announced that he will double the economic sanctions on steel and aluminum from Turkey, which refuses to release the pastor. In Turkey, where there are fears of chronic inflation, the Turkish central bank was pressed to raise interest rates. However, President Erdogan, who is hostile to interest rates, has been intervening with monetary policy, making it difficult to increase interest rates. It has devolved into a situation where a currency defense plan is difficult to put forth.

As a result of both presidents invoking somewhat extreme policies, the value of the Turkish lira, with its deteriorating reliability, has declined forty percent since the beginning of the year. It is a sudden, unusual currency crisis, in that it could be said that this is a man-made disaster caused by political leaders.

The effect of this was immediately felt in the financial markets of many countries. Stock prices of key European countries, which invested large amounts of money in Turkey, suddenly declined, and that decline also spread to Japanese and U.S. stock markets. Many countries’ stock continue to remain unstable, and the currency value of emerging market countries such as Argentina and South Africa declined as well, because uneasy investors concerned about Turkey’s economic situation have began to withdraw their funds.

If this continues then it will directly contribute to daily suffering for ordinary people. In Japan, if stock prices continue to fall due to the appreciated yen, then that will invite the deterioration of corporate financial affairs and will be connected to wage control. In countries with weak currency, a sudden jump in import prices leads to inflation and can be a primary factor in the world economy’s problems.

However, neither president shows any sign of giving in. If this continues, an economic crisis is likely to occur. The international community, including Japan, urgently needs to convene to press both presidents to reflect. For such an intervention, there is the G20 meeting of finance ministers and central bank governors in which the U.S. and Japan, as well as Turkey, participate. Each country should share in the understanding of the reality that this excessive confrontation and emphasis on serving one’s own country first will also hurt themselves.





トルコの通貨危機が世界経済に悪影響を及ぼしている。背景には米国とトルコの対立があり、両国指導者の行動が危機に拍車をかけている。大事に至る前に国際社会は協調して動くべきだ。

 対立の発端は二〇一六年にトルコで起きたクーデター未遂事件だ。トルコのエルドアン大統領が事件に関与したとみなす在米のイスラム教指導者、ギュレン師の引き渡しを米国は拒否し続けている。トルコは米国人牧師、ブランソン氏を事件に関与したとして同年拘束した。

 牧師は米共和党の有力支持基盤、キリスト教福音派に属する。米中間選挙が近づく中、トランプ大統領は牧師解放に応じないトルコに対し、鉄鋼・アルミニウムへの関税を二倍に引き上げる経済制裁を表明した。一方、慢性的なインフレに悩むトルコでは、中央銀行が金利を引き上げる必要に迫られていた。しかし、金利自体を敵視するエルドアン大統領が金融政策に介入する姿勢をみせて利上げは困難となり、通貨防衛策が立てにくい状況に陥ってしまった。

 両大統領のやや過激な政策発動の結果、信用が低下したトルコの通貨リラの価値は一時、年初来の下落率が四割となった。政治指導者による「人災」ともいえる異例の通貨危機の勃発である。

 この影響は直ちに各国金融市場に連鎖した。トルコに多額の投資をしている欧州主要国の株価が一気に下がり、その流れは日米の株式市場にも波及。各国の株価は依然、不安定な状態が続く。

 アルゼンチン、南アフリカといった新興国といわれる国の通貨も軒並み下落。トルコの経済状況を不安視した投資家が、資金を引き揚げ始めたからだ。

 金融市場の混乱は放置すると暮らしの痛みに直結する。日本では、円高による株価下落が続けば企業財務の悪化を招き、賃金抑制につながる。通貨が弱い国では輸入価格急騰でインフレが起き、世界経済の足かせ要因にもなる。

 しかし両大統領は妥協の気配すら見せていない。このままだと「プレジデント(大統領)経済危機」が起きかねない。日本を含む国際社会は早急にスクラムを組み、二人の大統領に自省を促す必要がある。そのための仕組みとして日米やトルコも参加する二十カ国・地域(G20)財務相、中央銀行総裁会議があるのではないか。度が過ぎた対立や自国中心主義が、自らも痛めるとの現実を各国は議論を通じ共有すべきだ。
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