Smokescreen

Published in El País
(Spain) on 2 August 2019
by Editorial (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Lincoln Schick. Edited by Helaine Schweitzer.


The Federal Reserve's interest rate cut of 25 basis points, announced on Wednesday by Jerome Powell, seems like an impulsive and difficult move to justify. The U.S. economy is in a period of growth, and the labor market is approaching full employment. Inflation, meanwhile, remains at manageable levels. Powell's explanations confirm that he is not convinced his decision was appropriate. He assures us that it is "midcycle adjustment to policy," a statement, which upon analysis, turns out to be a simple smokescreen. Powell’s assurances are not enough to explain such an unusual move because it ends 11 years of consistent monetary policy without any reason or consensus.

Powell says that the reduction, which places interest rates in the range of 2%-2.25%, is preventive in nature. Excuses for taking this preventive step include the trade war, Brexit and the perception of certain symptoms of weakness in the evolution of the American manufacturing industry. Trump has taken another step in his crazy trade war by increasing tariffs on Chinese products by $300 billion. But it should be remembered that preventive monetary movements are usually a fiasco. Remember the increase in rates by Jean-Claude Trichet in July 2008.* And, what is more important, if the prevention is justified (as, by the way, businesses and investors believe, anticipating a slowdown soon) it does not make sense to proclaim, as Powell did, that "it's not the beginning of a long series of cuts.” An isolated cut has little direct impact.

The Fed's reduction of the interest rate can only be explained as a surrender to the intense pressures that plague the institution from almost all sides. Donald Trump's brash rush for the Fed to reduce the cost of money, based on his undisguised paranoia that the European Union is "manipulating the euro," is a position that confirms the president's lack of respect for the institution's independence. And the investment markets' positions have not helped either. They had already almost entirely factored in a rate reduction. If the Fed had decided to keep it, the prices of financial assets would have fallen, and that drop would have resulted in a decline in financial wealth and, ultimately, consumption.

Powell has dug himself into a hole that will be difficult to get out of. On the one hand, the internal consensus at the Fed has been broken. On the other, the change of course only makes sense if the cuts are extended; if there are no new cuts, more confusion could ensue. The Fed chair has been dragged into an irrational scenario. Contrary to what Trump and his advisers say, maintaining zero rates in Europe is justified given the economic slowdown in the region.

*Editor’s note: Jean-Claude Trichet is a French economist who served as president of the European Central Bank from 2003-2011.


Cortina de Humo

La rebaja de tipos de la Fed no está justificada; la confusión se adueñará de los mercados si es un episodio aislado

La rebaja de tipos de la Reserva Federal en 25 puntos básicos, anunciada el miércoles por Jerome Powell, parece un movimiento impulsivo y de difícil justificación. La economía estadounidense está en plena fase de expansión y el mercado laboral se aproxima al pleno empleo; la inflación, por su parte, se mantiene en niveles manejables. Las explicaciones de Powell confirman que no está convencido de lo acertado de su decisión. Asegura que se trata de un “ajuste estratégico en mitad del ciclo”, afirmación que a poco que se analice resulta una simple cortina de humo. No es suficiente para explicar un movimiento insólito, porque rompe la cadencia de 11 años de política monetaria coherente, sin que haya motivo ni consenso.

Dice Powell que la rebaja, que sitúa los tipos en el rango del 2-2,25%, tiene un carácter preventivo. La guerra comercial, el Brexit y la percepción de algunos síntomas de debilidad en la evolución de la industria manufacturera estadounidense, serían las coartadas de esa prevención. Trump ha dado un paso más en su alocada guerra comercial y aumenta en 300.000 millones de dólares los aranceles a productos chinos. Pero conviene recordar que los movimientos monetarios preventivos suelen ser un fiasco. Recuérdese la subida de tipos de Trichet en julio de 2008. Y, lo que es más importante, si la prevención está justificada (como, por cierto, creen los mercados, que barruntan una próxima desaceleración) no tiene sentido proclamar, como hizo Powell, que no estamos “ante el comienzo de un largo periodo de recortes de tipos”; un recorte aislado tiene poco impacto directo.

La rebaja de la Fed solo se explica como una cesión a las intensas presiones que acosan a la institución desde casi todos los flancos. Las toscas acometidas de Trump para que la Fed reduzca el coste del dinero, basadas en la indisimulada paranoia de que la Unión Europea está “manipulando el euro”, son posiciones que acreditan el poco respeto del presidente hacia la independencia de la institución. Tampoco han ayudado las posiciones de los mercados de inversión. Descontaban prácticamente al 100% una rebaja de tipos. Si la Fed hubiera decidido mantenerlos, hubieran caído los precios de los activos financieros y esa caída se hubiera convertido en un descenso de la riqueza financiera y, a la larga, del consumo.

Powell se ha metido en un lío del que le costará salir. Por una parte se ha roto el consenso interno en la Reserva. Por otra, el cambio de rumbo solo tiene sentido si se prolongan los recortes; si no hay nuevas rebajas, puede generarse una confusión mayor. El presidente de la Fed se ha dejado arrastrar a un escenario irracional. En contra de lo que opinan Trump y sus asesores, el mantenimiento de tipos cero en Europa está justificado, a la vista de la desaceleración económica en el área.
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