Designate a Committee

Published in El Pais
(Spain) on 5 August 2020
by Javier Sampedro (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Javier Ezcurdia. Edited by Gillian Palmer.
Everybody accuses Donald Trump of not being a politician, and being a real-estate tycoon instead. Nevertheless, it can’t be denied that the president of the United States has been learning some strategies of professional politics used since the times of Machiavelli and beyond. We have just discovered the most recent example: If the best scientists contradict you, appoint your own committee of experts. In Spain we learned this kind of move in the previous decade, when the best science available suggested the government to authorize research with the remaining fetal cells of embryos used for in vitro fertilization. The Spanish government, at the time closer to the ideas of the religious right, selected scientists that were opposed to the research of the scientific committee that made those recommendations. The buffalo in the White House has copied this subtle and revered strategy. And still, he will be accused of not being a politician ...

At the root of this issue are the anti-COVID-19 vaccines currently being developed with fetal cells, derived from voluntary abortions donated by women. Of the 200 projects investigated in the world, half a dozen are based on fetal cells. In reality they have been used since the 1970s for similar purposes. From this type of research, vaccines against diseases like hepatitis A, chicken pox, rubella or herpes have appeared. But Trump is as permeable to the argument as a waxed iceberg lettuce is to oil. Last summer, before the pandemic, he yielded to public pressure and announced a new committee of experts on fetal cell research. There was some apprehension about the composition of this body of experts and our worst fears have been confirmed.

Of the 15 members of the National Institutes of Health Human Fetal Tissue Research Ethics Advisory Board, 10 are openly anti-abortion advocates, and several of them have publicly expressed their opposition to vaccines based on cell tissue from abortions. The other five don’t really matter, according to Meredith Wadman and Jocelyn Kaiser, from Science magazine, because the decisions of the committee don’t require unanimity. If five of the experts were free of any bias, it would still change nothing. The judgment of this advisory board, biased with religious criteria, will affect in a crucial manner any investigation with fetal cells, from Alzheimer’s disease to AIDS. There is already at least one research project about COVID-19 that has been shut down due to restrictions on the access to this kind of biological material.

There is a general tendency among the population, and even between some political analysts, to consider science as a monolithic bloc of established, immutable, universal and geological knowledge. This prejudice is based on a profound ignorance of science exhibited by politicians and the vast majority of educated people, not to mention anti-vaxxers and other anti-science movements. If you have power and the will to create an advisory board of 15 flat-Earth advocate experts, you won’t have the least problem doing it. There are millions of experts in the world; you will be able to find an ample selection of the mediocre, biased and fanatical among them just by doing a Google search. That’s why supporting a political decision “on science” is a trap. We, the citizens, should know who is doing the science.


Todo el mundo acusa a Donald Trump de no ser un político, sino un magnate del ladrillo, pero no se puede negar que el presidente de Estados Unidos va aprendiendo algunas estrategias que la política profesional viene utilizando desde tiempos de Maquiavelo y más allá. Acabamos de conocer el ejemplo más reciente: si los mejores científicos te quitan la razón, nombra tu propio comité de expertos. En España ya conocimos este truco en la década pasada, cuando la mejor ciencia disponible aconsejaba al Gobierno que autorizara la investigación con células madre procedentes de embriones sobrantes de los tratamientos de fecundación in vitro, y el Gobierno, más afín a las tesis de la derecha religiosa, nombró a miembros contrarios a esas investigaciones en el comité científico que le asesoraba sobre esa materia. El búfalo del 1.600 de la Avenida Pensilvania ha copiado ahora esa sutil y venerable estrategia. Para que luego le acusen de no ser un político.

El fondo de la cuestión son las vacunas anticovid que se están desarrollando con células fetales, células procedentes de abortos voluntarios que donan las mujeres. De los 200 proyectos que se investigan en el mundo, media docena se basan en células fetales. En realidad se llevan utilizando desde los años sesenta con propósitos parecidos, y de ahí provienen nuestras vacunas actuales contra la hepatitis A, la varicela, la rubeola y el herpes. Pero Trump es tan permeable al argumento como lo es al aceite una lechuga Iceberg encerada, y ya en el prepandémico verano pasado cedió a las presiones de la carcundia y anunció un nuevo comité de expertos sobre la investigación con células fetales. Había cierta expectación por conocer su composición, y nuestros peores augurios se han visto recompensados con creces.

Diez de los 15 miembros del nuevo Panel Asesor sobre la Ética de la Investigación en Tejidos Fetales Humanos son antiabortistas declarados, y varios de ellos han expresado públicamente su rechazo a las vacunas basadas en material de fetos abortados. Y los otros cinco son un florero, según documentan Meredith Wadman y Jocelyn Kaiser en Science. Puesto que las decisiones del comité no requieren unanimidad, que 5 de los 15 expertos sean científicos libres de sesgos dará exactamente igual. Los dictámenes de este panel amañado por criterios religiosos afectarán de forma crucial a todas las investigaciones con células fetales, que abarcan del Alzheimer al sida, y ya hay al menos un trabajo sobre la covid que ha sido yugulado por la prohibición de acceso a ese material biológico.

Hay una tendencia general entre la población, e incluso entre algún analista político, a considerar que la ciencia es un bloque monolítico de conocimiento establecido e inmutable, universal y geológico. Este prejuicio se basa en el profundo desconocimiento de la ciencia que exhiben los políticos y la mayoría de las personas cultas, no hablemos ya de los cuñados. Si tú tienes el poder y quieres montar un panel de 15 expertos que sostengan que la Tierra es plana, no tendrás el menor problema para hacerlo. Hay millones de expertos en el mundo, y podrás encontrar una amplia selección de mediocres, interesados y fanáticos entre ellos sin más que buscarlos en Google. Por eso apoyar una decisión política en “la ciencia” suele ser una trampa. Los ciudadanos necesitamos saber quién es la ciencia.
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