South Korea – US Joint Military Exercises Begin; Transition of Wartime Operation Control Must Do Its Best

Published in Hankyoreh
(South Korea) on 18 August 2020
by (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Sean Kim. Edited by Helaine Schweitzer.
The second semi-annual Combined Command Post Training, a joint South Korea-U.S. military exercise, starts on Aug. 18. Because part of the Future Allied Forces Command Full Operational Capability verification assessment, which is necessary for the transition of wartime operation control, was postponed until next year along with a reduction in military training due to COVID-19, the exercise seems insubstantial. However, it does appear that a wartime operation control transition will not be impossible during President Moon Jae-In’s term. It is right for the government to convince the United States to proceed with the plan of transitioning wartime operation control by adjusting conditions and schedules.

The government is planning to finish the second phase – the Full Operational Control verification assessment – by the end of 2021 and the third phase – the Full Military Capability verification assessment – next year. This is based on the condition-based operation control transition plan agreed to by South Korean and U.S. defense leaders in October 2014, during the Park Geun-hye administration. It is important that the government remember that there are many experts who are critical of the United States arbitrarily conducting verification assessments in an effort to postpone the transition.

The transition deadline was originally scheduled for April 17, 2012, pursuant to an agreement between Korea and the United States during the Roh Moo-hyun administration. Even though U.S. Armed Forces in Korea Cmdr. Burwell Bell said that the wartime operation control transition could be done by 2009 after considering the operational capability of South Korea, the Roh Moo-hyun administration’s Ministry of National Defense postponed that action until 2012. There are former high-ranking security officials who claim that, considering Korea’s current economic and military power, wartime operation control should be transitioned immediately.

Considering the situation, it is possible that the government could consider adjusting the schedule for the verification assessments. First, it could carry out both the second phase FOC and third phase FMC verification assessments at the same time next year. If this is not possible, it could complete the second phase FOC verification assessment and then do the third phase FMC verification assessment in May 2022, after the new administration launches. The United States must be persuaded to change the schedule. Because the wartime operational control transition depends on the will of the government and not on outside circumstances, the government should start consulting with the United States if it has the will.


한-미 연합훈련인 후반기 연합지휘소훈련(CCPT)이 18일 시작됐다. 그러나 코로나로 훈련이 축소되면서 전시작전통제권(전작권) 전환을 위해 필요한 미래연합군사령부 완전운용능력(FOC) 검증평가 중 일부가 내년으로 미뤄져, 알맹이가 빠진 셈이 됐다. 그래도 문재인 대통령 임기 내 전작권 전환이 불가능하진 않다고 본다. 정부는 미국을 설득해서, 조건 변경이나 일정 조정을 통해 전작권 전환을 예정대로 추진하는 게 옳다.
정부는 올해 2단계(FOC) 검증 평가, 내년 3단계(완전임무수행능력·FMC) 검증 평가를 거쳐 2021년 말까지 전작권 전환을 마무리할 계획이다. 박근혜 정부 때인 2014년 10월 한-미 국방부 장관이 합의했던 ‘조건에 기초한 전작권 전환’ 방식에 따른 것이다. 이 방식을 두고 미국이 전작권 전환을 늦추기 위해 자의적으로 ‘검증 평가’를 운용한다고 비판하는 전문가가 적지 않다는 점을 정부는 무겁게 받아들여야 한다.
애초 참여정부 때 한국과 미국이 합의한 전환 일정은 2012년 4월17일이었다. 버웰 벨 주한미군사령관이 한국군 작전수행 능력을 고려해 2009년이면 충분히 전시작전권 전환을 할 수 있다고 밝혔는데도, 참여정부가 국방부 의견을 반영해 2012년으로 최대한 늦춰 잡은 것이라고 한다. 현재 한국의 경제력과 국방력을 고려하면 전시작전권 전환은 당장이라도 가능하다고 주장하는 전직 고위 안보당국자도 있다.
이런 사정을 참작해 정부가 검증평가 일정의 조정을 검토할 수도 있으리라 본다. 먼저 내년에 남은 2단계와 3단계 검증 평가를 한꺼번에 실행할 수 있다. 이 방안이 여의치 않으면 내년에 2단계 평가를 마치고 일단 전작권 전환을 하고, 2022년 5월 새 정부가 출범한 이후에 3단계 검증 평가를 할 수도 있을 것이다. 일정 변경을 하려면 미국을 설득해야 한다. 전작권 전환은 조건의 문제가 아니라 정부 의지의 문제이므로, 필요하면 미국과 협의에 나서는 게 당연하다.
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