Why Trump Is So Anxious To Leave Afghanistan

Published in Xinhua
(China) on 9 October 2020
by Liu Pinran, Chen Xin, Yu Delu (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Brittany Bradley. Edited by Olivia Parker.
On Oct. 10, President Donald Trump posted that U.S. military troops currently stationed in Afghanistan might be returning home before Christmas. The U.S. Department of Defense responded by saying it had received neither a plan nor a formal order for withdrawal.

Analysts have pointed out that the U.S. being caught in the mire of the now 20-year war in Afghanistan, from which it has been unable to withdraw, has come at a great cost. Trump’s sudden statement on withdrawing troops in hopes of quickly bringing an end to the war in Afghanistan is a way for him to boost morale for his campaign. However, given that tensions still remain between different factions in Afghanistan, withdrawing U.S. troops in such a short period of time is unrealistic.

A Sudden Declaration

Hours before Trump's announcement, National Security Advisor Robert O'Brien stated at an event that fewer than 5,000 U.S. troops were currently in Afghanistan and that this number would eventually drop down to about 2,500 by the beginning of next year.

Neither the Department of Defense nor the U.S. Central Command endorsed Trump's statement. Previously, the White House and military had been planning to reduce the number of soldiers in Afghanistan, but they hadn’t planned for a complete withdrawal in such a short amount of time. U.S. media outlets have reported that some military officials learned of Trump’s plan only after his announcement on social media.

NATO Secretary-General Jens Stoltenberg disagrees with Trump's plans. On Oct. 8, he stated that, because of its commitment to the future of Afghanistan, NATO and its allies would coordinate their actions and make decisions according to the actual situation in Afghanistan.

Taliban spokesman Zabihla Mujahid welcomed Trump's withdrawal as a positive development in the Taliban-U.S. agreement.

The Afghan government has yet to respond, but officials worry that the United States' hasty withdrawal could reduce the Afghan government’s leverage and ease pressure on the Taliban, leading to a more uncertain outcome for ongoing intra-Afghan peace talks.

Trump’s Got the Election in Mind

The war in Afghanistan, which began in 2001, is now in its 20th year, and its effects have impacted the U.S. military. Research conducted by Brown University reveals about 2,300 American soldiers and nearly 4,000 American contractors have been killed in the war. Additionally, more than 20,000 Americans have been wounded. The U.S. has invested more than $2 trillion in the war, with $1.5 trillion being directly related to fighting costs. Soldiers will also be spending a a great deal on medical expenses after returning, with costs totaling $1.4 trillion by 2059.

Most Americans want an end to this protracted war. Under the agreement signed at the end of February by U.S. officials and the Taliban, U.S. and NATO forces will leave the country within 14 months.

Analysts point out that as the presidential election approaches, Trump's sudden proposal to completely pull troops from Afghanistan by Christmas, is a rush to show Americans that he can deliver on his campaign promise to free the U.S. from its involvement in "endless wars."

David Gordon, the former director of policy who served in the George W. Bush administration, said that while polls show a majority of Americans want U.S. troops to withdraw from Iraq and Afghanistan, the public doesn't seem to be too concerned about the issue given that U.S. casualties abroad have been close to zero lately.

Full Withdrawal Is Hard To Achieve

Analysts have pointed out that although Trump is eager to withdraw troops due to the election, doing so in such a short amount of time is unrealistic when Taliban attacks on Afghan security forces continue to occur.

Gordon believes that Trump, hoping to divert away as much attention as possible from the U.S. battle with COVID-19, will continue to throw out all sorts of rhetoric about the withdrawal before the election begins. The possibility of a full withdrawal of U.S. troops before Christmas, however, is very small.

Under the agreement signed in February by U.S. government officials and the Taliban, the Taliban has pledged not to allow its members and other groups, including al-Qaida, to threaten the security of the United States and its allies on Afghan soil. But the agreement did not stipulate the disarmament of the Taliban and other groups.

Kenneth McKenzie, commander of the U.S. Central Command, said the Taliban had not yet shown a willingness to break off relations with al-Qaida. Zalmay Khalilzad, the U.S. special envoy for Afghanistan, also stated that U.S. troops would not have to leave if the Taliban's actions did not meet the requirements of the agreement.

The Afghan media believe that Trump's proposal for withdrawal will cause the already slow-moving intra-Afghan peace talks to move slower. Without U.S. support, Afghan security forces will become more powerless, and the Taliban may therefore take a tougher stance on certain issues.


 新华社记者刘品然

  美国总统特朗普7日通过社交媒体表示,目前驻扎在阿富汗的美军部队应于今年圣诞节前撤回美国。美国国防部对此回应称,并未收到正式的撤军计划和命令。

  分析人士指出,阿富汗战争已正式进入第20个年头,美国深陷战争泥潭迟迟无法脱身,付出了巨大代价。特朗普突然表示要迅速撤军,意在尽快为这场战争画上句号,以提振自身选情。然而,在阿内部各派矛盾未消的情况下,美军短时间内完成撤军的想法并不现实。

  突然表态

  在特朗普作出撤军表态前数小时,美国总统国家安全事务助理奥布莱恩刚刚在一场活动上说,目前驻阿美军不足5000人,明年年初前将降至约2500人。

  对于特朗普的表态,美国国防部和美军中央司令部均未表示认可。此前,白宫和军方一直在计划削减驻阿美军人数,但并无短期内完全撤军的具体计划。美媒报道称,一些军方官员是在特朗普表态后才得知这一计划的。

  对于特朗普的撤军表态,北约秘书长斯托尔滕贝格也不认同。他8日表示,北约和所有盟国将协调彼此行动,根据阿富汗实际情况作出决定,因为致力于阿富汗的未来对北约来说十分重要。

  阿富汗塔利班发言人扎比乌拉·穆贾希德对特朗普的撤军表态表示欢迎,认为这是塔利班与美国和平协议执行过程中的积极进展。

  阿政府尚未对此事做出回应,但有阿官员担心,美国仓促撤军可能减少阿政府谈判筹码,减轻塔利班的压力,从而使正在进行的阿和谈面临更多不确定因素。

  着眼选举

  肇始于2001年的阿富汗战争已进入第20个年头,驻阿美军中已出现这场战争的“同龄人”。美国布朗大学的研究显示,约有2300名美军士兵和近4000名美国承包商在这场战争中身亡,另有超过两万名美国人受伤。美国累计已为阿富汗战争投入超过2万亿美元,其中1.5万亿美元与作战直接相关。而参战士兵回国后还将长期消耗巨额医疗费用,到2059年这一费用总计将达1.4万亿美元。

  大部分美国人希望尽早结束这场旷日持久的战争。根据美国政府与阿富汗塔利班今年2月底签署的协议,美军和北约联军将在14个月内撤离阿富汗。

  分析人士指出,美国总统选举日益临近,特朗普此时突然提议在圣诞节前从阿富汗完全撤军,是急于向美国民众表明他将兑现让美国摆脱“无休止战争”的竞选承诺。

  曾在小布什政府时期担任美国国务院政策规划主任的戴维·戈登表示,尽管民调显示大多数美国人希望美军从伊拉克和阿富汗撤出,但鉴于美军近来在海外伤亡接近于零,公众似乎对撤军问题并不十分关注。

  恐难实现

  分析人士指出,尽管特朗普出于选举考虑急于从阿富汗撤军,但在塔利班袭击阿安全部队事件仍时有发生的情况下,美军短时间内从阿富汗完全撤离并不现实。

  戈登认为,特朗普接下来会继续抛出各种撤军言论,目的是在选举前尽可能将舆论关注点从美国国内新冠疫情上引开,但美军在圣诞节前从阿富汗完全撤出的可能性非常小。

  根据美国政府与阿富汗塔利班今年2月底签署的协议,塔利班承诺不允许其成员以及包括“基地”组织在内的其他组织成员利用阿富汗国土威胁美国及其盟友的安全,但协议并没有对解除塔利班和其他组织的武装做出任何规定。

  美军中央司令部司令肯尼思·麦肯齐认为,塔利班尚未展现出要与“基地”组织一刀两断的意愿。美国阿富汗问题特使哈利勒扎德也表示,若塔利班的行动不符合协议要求,美军并非必须从阿富汗撤出。

  阿富汗媒体认为,特朗普的撤军提议将给阿政府与塔利班之间原本就进展缓慢的和谈再添阻力。如果失去美军支援,阿安全部队将变得更加无力,而塔利班可能因此在一些问题上表现出更强硬的立场。
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