Decriminalization: Drugs in American Elections

Published in Veja
(Brazil) on 6 November 2020
by Amanda Péchy (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Kelsey Lewis. Edited by Gillian Palmer.
In the election in which conservatism showed that it is still strong, the long and unproductive policy of total drug war in the United States has taken a turn. Six states proposed referendums that, to a greater or lesser extent, decriminalize the possession and use of narcotics — and the proposals were approved in all states by a wide margin. “Today’s victory is a landmark declaration that the time has come to stop criminalizing people for drug use,” celebrated Kassandra Frederique, director of the Drug Policy Alliance, a New York nongovernmental organization that advocates exemption from penalties for "responsible" consumption. Four states — New Jersey, Arizona, Montana and South Dakota — have joined 11 others in legalizing marijuana, meaning that one in three Americans can now use cannabis without breaking the law. Voters in South Dakota and Mississippi, two conservative bastions, have also approved its medical use, which is already authorized in more than 30 American states.

On the liberal West Coast, Oregon went further: By a majority vote of 58.6%, it decriminalized the use and possession of small amounts of all drugs, including cocaine, heroin, LSD and methamphetamine, in addition to authorizing the medicinal consumption of psychedelic mushrooms. Hallucinogenic plants are no longer banned in the capital, Washington, D.C. The results confirm the willingness of American society, on the right and on the left, to reevaluate the policy of force of the government of former President Richard Nixon in the 1970s. According to a survey by the Pew Research Center in 2000, 60% of the population was against legalization of drugs and 32% in favor.



Na eleição em que o conservadorismo mostrou que ainda é forte, a longa e pouco produtiva política de guerra total às drogas nos Estados Unidos deu uma guinada. Seis estados puseram em plebiscito, com maior ou menor amplitude, a remoção da posse e uso de entorpecentes da lista de delitos passíveis de prisão — e em todos eles a proposta foi aprovada por ampla margem. “Foi uma declaração histórica de que está na hora de parar de criminalizar as pessoas pelo uso de drogas”, celebrou Kassandra Frederique, diretora da Drug Policy Alliance, ONG nova-iorquina que prega a isenção de penas para consumo “responsável”. Quatro estados — Nova Jersey, Arizona, Montana e Dakota do Sul — juntaram-se a outros onze que legalizaram a maconha, o que significa que um em cada três americanos já pode consumir cannabis sem descumprir a lei. Os eleitores de Dakota do Sul e Mississippi, dois bastiões conservadores, aprovaram ainda seu uso medicinal, que já é autorizado em mais de trinta estados americanos.

Na liberal Costa Oeste, o Oregon foi além: por maioria de 58,6%, descriminalizou o uso e posse de pequenas quantidades de todas as drogas, inclusive cocaína, heroína, LSD e metanfetamina, além de autorizar o consumo medicinal de cogumelos psicodélicos. Plantas alucinógenas deixaram de ser proibidas na capital, Washington. Os resultados confirmam a disposição da sociedade americana, à direita e à esquerda, de reavaliar a política em vigor desde o governo do ex-presidente Richard Nixon, nos anos 1970. Segundo pesquisa do Pew Research Center, em 2000, 60% da população era contra a legalização e 32%, a favor. No ano passado, a proporção se inverteu: 67% a favor e 32% contra. A nova mentalidade abrange a maioria dos republicanos: 55% apoiam a legalização da maconha. Detalhe: quase todas as propostas de liberação de drogas até agora foram aceitas em plebiscitos. Os políticos continuam mantendo distância da polêmica.
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