South Korea-US Concluded Defense Cost Negotiations, Strengthened Alliance

Published in Hankook Ilbo
(South Korea) on 9 March 2021
by (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Osasere Erhabor. Edited by Olivia Parker.
On March 7, at the 11th Korea-U.S. Special Measures Agreement negotiations in Washington, D.C., South Korea and the United States reached a de facto agreement. The negotiations to determine South Korea's contribution to the United States Forces Korea were supposed to have concluded in 2019. In March of last year, Korea-U.S. negotiation officials tentatively agreed on a 13% increase in funding, but the deal fell through as former president Donald Trump insisted on an absurd demand of a "five-fold increase." So, the conclusion of the frustrating negotiations 46 days after President Joe Biden took office was welcomed.

The content of the agreement is also impressive. Although the specific rate of increase was not disclosed, it is known that it was set within a reasonable range. Also of note is that the agreement will not expire until 2025. As reported by foreign media, a six-year agreement is worth evaluating in that it can avoid exhausting negotiations every year.

It is also noteworthy that the news of the agreement was reached on the day the South Korea-U.S. joint command post training began, with Secretary of State Antony Blinken and Defense Secretary Lloyd Austin scheduled to visit Korea following a trip to Japan from July 15 to 17. Expectations have grown that the two-plus-two (diplomatic + defense) talks, which had been suspended, will resume after five years.

This forward-looking move seems to be a strategy to strengthen alliances with democratic countries in response to the rise of China, which is why Korea and Japan were chosen as the first two-plus-two foreign visitors since Biden’s inauguration. As competition for supremacy between the U.S. and China became visible, Korea's status became more important.

The U.S. has also begun reviewing the supply chain for four key items, including semiconductors and electric vehicle batteries. This suggests that the U.S.-China conflict will not be a "tariff war," but a "technology competition." International competition will create both a crisis and an opportunity for the Korean economy. It is time for South Korea to review its diplomatic, security and economic strategies organically. Instead of simply restoring and normalizing the Korea-U.S. alliance, Seoul should seek ways to raise the alliance to the next level in line with our diplomatic philosophy and national interests.


한미 양국은 미 워싱턴에서 열린 제11차 한미 방위비분담특별협정(SMA) 협상에서 사실상 원칙적 합의를 이뤘다고 7일(현지시간) 밝혔다. 2020년 주한미군 분담금 규모를 정하는 이번 협상은 당초 2019년 타결돼야 했던 것이다. 한미 협상 실무진은 지난해 3월 13% 인상안에 잠정 합의했으나 당시 도널드 트럼프 대통령이 ‘5배 증액’이란 터무니없는 요구를 고집하며 무산됐다. 답답했던 협상이 조 바이든 대통령 취임 46일 만에 전격 마무리된 것은 환영할 만한 일이다.

합의의 내용도 인상적이다. 구체적인 인상률이 공개되진 않았지만 상식적인 범위에서 정해진 것으로 알려졌다. 합의 유효 기간이 2025년까지인지도 주목된다. 외신들이 전한 대로 6년짜리 합의라면 매년 소모적 협상을 피할 수 있다는 점에서 평가할 만하다.

토니 블링컨 국무장관과 로이드 오스틴 국방장관의 방한이 예정된 가운데 한미 연합지휘소훈련이 시작되는 날 협상 타결 소식이 나온 점도 주목된다. 두 사람은 15∼17일 일본에 이어 1박 2일 방한 예정이다. 중단됐던 한미 2+2(외교+국방) 회담이 5년 만에 재개될 것이란 기대는 더 커졌다.

이런 미국의 전향적 행보는 중국의 부상에 대응하기 위해 민주주의 국가들과 동맹을 강화하겠다는 전략으로 보인다. 새 정부 출범 후 첫 2+2 해외 방문국으로 한일을 택한 이유다. 미중 패권 경쟁이 가시화하면서 한국의 위상은 더 중요해졌다. 미국은 반도체와 전기차 배터리 등 4대 핵심 품목에 대한 공급망도 검토하기 시작했다. 미중 충돌이 ‘관세 전쟁’이 아닌 ‘기술 경쟁’이 될 것임을 시사하는 대목이다. 우리 기업들이 국제 경쟁력을 갖고 있는 품목이라 한국 경제에는 위기이자 기회다. 우리도 외교·안보·경제 전략을 유기적으로 재검토할 때다. 한미 동맹을 단순히 복원하고 정상화하는 데 그칠 게 아니라 우리의 외교 철학과 국익에 부합하는 쪽으로 동맹을 한 단계 격상시킬 수 있는 방안을 강구해야 한다.
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