How the US Uses Sports Diplomacy in Foreign Policy

Published in Máquina do Esporte
(Brazil) on 13 May 2020
by Júlia Vergueiro (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Sarah Marek. Edited by Gillian Palmer.
Have you ever heard of “soft power”? It is a term that I heard many times throughout my four years as an undergraduate in international relations. In theory, it is a concept to make any aspiring diplomat passionate about their future profession — the possibility of exercising power without using brute force, military power, the capacity for destruction.

In practice, I only came to understand the reality of how it actually worked about three years ago, already inside the world of sports, during a professional experience in the United States. The tool through which I saw the famous soft power being applied is another term that has become part of all my research since then: “sports diplomacy.”

I grew up believing that Americans were a selfish and domineering people. I did a six-month exchange in Ohio during high school, and I returned with the certainty that they had absolutely no interest in genuinely learning about other cultures and people beyond their borders. But, 15 years later, the American government invited me to return — this time, it was no longer me paying to learn the language and their customs; it was the United States who paid for me to develop my project here in Brazil. But why did it pay for this?

The invitation came from the field of sports diplomacy, a governmental program responsible for several sports exchange programs that seek to strengthen the country’s ties with other nations. It positions sports as an important foreign policy strategy capable of increasing dialogue and cultural empathy and, consequently, contributes to the building of a more stable and secure international community.

As soon as I began my journey in the Global Sports Mentoring Program, I responded to a questionnaire that sought my opinion about the United States — about the government, its global foreign policy and its bilateral relationship with Brazil. This same questionnaire was presented again at the end of the program. Can you imagine the difference in my responses? I was impressed with how my opinion had changed in such a short time. I had been directly impacted by soft power, and I was quite satisfied with this.

During the five-week program, I got to know another facet of the American population. They purposely made me believe that, from then on, I should always consider the U.S. as my first option for bilateral cooperation, or for investing in professional specialization. At each meeting with businesswomen, entrepreneurs or government workers, I gained more appreciation and admiration for the people and the country's institutions; in a short time, I saw myself becoming a spokesman for a foreign country.

Does Brazil have the capacity to promote something similar? The sports envoy program is a highly replicable example — the government sends athletes and coaches to run clinics for young people in other countries, always in partnership with local consulates and embassies. How many of our athletes and coaches would have the potential to carry out this same activity? Many, I am sure.

Another good example is the Sports Visitor Program, which receives groups of foreign young people and coaches for short but intense cultural sports exchange experiences. In partnership with nongovernmental organizations and local universities, the government enables interaction between different people, always making Americans the reference for learning, while at the same time teaching its population about tolerance and respect for diversity. How many young people and coaches from around the world wouldn't love to come to Brazil for a two-week immersion of activities, games and conversations? What is the potential for these same young people to return to their countries where they could treat Brazil as an ideal partner in their future plans?

Here is my challenge to the Brazilian sports ecosystem to look for ways to include sports in the agenda of our foreign policy and enhance our ability to be admired and seen by the international community, inside and outside the four corners of the field.

As Joseph S. Nye of Harvard said, "The basic concept of power is the ability to influence others to get them to do what you want. There are three major ways to do that: one is to threaten them with sticks; the second is to pay them with carrots; the third is to attract them or co-opt them so that they want what you want. If you can get others to be attracted, to want what you want, it costs you much less in carrots and sticks."

Júlia Vergueiro is the owner and president of Pelado Real Futebol Clube, founder of Nossa Arena. She writes monthly for Máquina de Esporte.


Você já ouviu falar em “Soft Power”? Esse é um termo que eu escutei muitas vezes ao longo dos meus quatro anos de bacharelado em Relações Internacionais. Na teoria, é um conceito para deixar qualquer aspirante a diplomata apaixonado pela futura profissão – a possibilidade de exercer poder sem fazer uso da força bruta, do poderio militar, da capacidade de destruição.

Na prática, eu só fui entender como de fato ele funcionava há cerca de três anos, já dentro do mundo do esporte, em uma experiência profissional nos Estados Unidos. A ferramenta pela qual vi o famoso soft power sendo aplicado é um outro termo que passou a fazer parte de todas as minhas pesquisas desde então: “Sports Diplomacy”.

Eu cresci acreditando que os americanos eram uma população egoísta e dominadora. Fiz um intercâmbio de seis meses no estado de Ohio durante o ensino médio e voltei com a certeza de que eles não tinham nenhum interesse em conhecer genuinamente as culturas e povos para fora das suas fronteiras. Mas, 15 anos depois, o governo estadunidense me convidou a voltar – dessa vez, não era mais eu pagando para aprender a língua e os costumes deles, eram eles pagando para eu desenvolver o meu projeto aqui no Brasil. Mas porque eles estavam gastando com isso?

O convite veio da área de Sports Diplomacy, departamento do governo responsável por diversos programas de intercâmbio esportivo que buscam fortalecer os laços do país com outras nações e que posiciona o esporte como uma importante estratégia de política externa capaz de aumentar o diálogo e a empatia cultural e, consequentemente, contribuir para a construção de uma comunidade internacional mais estável e segura.

Logo que iniciei minha jornada no Global Sports Mentoring Program, respondi a um questionário que perguntava a minha real opinião sobre os Estados Unidos – sobre o governo, sobre sua política externa global, e sobre a relação bilateral com o Brasil. Esse mesmo questionário foi repetido ao final do programa. Conseguem imaginar a diferença nas minhas respostas? Eu mesma fiquei impressionada com o quanto a minha opinião havia mudado em tão pouco tempo. Eu havia sido diretamente impactada pelo soft power, e estava bastante satisfeita com isso.

Durante as cinco semanas de programa, eu conheci uma outra faceta da população norte-americana. Propositalmente eles me fizeram acreditar que, dali em diante, eu sempre deveria considerar os EUA como a minha primeira opção para uma cooperação bilateral, ou para investir em uma especialização profissional. A cada reunião com empresárias, empreendedores ou funcionários do governo, eu criava mais apreço e admiração pelas pessoas e instituições daquele país – em pouco tempo eu me vi virando porta-voz de um país estrangeiro.

E qual a capacidade do Brasil em promover algo semelhante? O programa de “Sports Envoy” é um exemplo altamente replicável – o governo envia atletas e treinadores para realizarem clínicas esportivas para jovens em outros países, sempre em parceria com os consulados e embaixadas locais. Quantos dos nossos atletas e treinadoras teriam potencial para exercer essa mesma atividade? Tenho certeza que muitos.

Outro bom exemplo é o programa “Sports Visitors”, que recebe grupos de jovens e treinadores estrangeiros para uma curta, porém intensa, experiência de intercâmbio cultural esportivo. Em parceria com ONGs e universidades locais, o governo viabiliza a interação entre diferentes povos, sempre colocando o americano como a referência de aprendizado, ao mesmo tempo em que ensina à sua população sobre tolerância e respeito à diversidade. Quantos jovens e treinadoras do mundo todo não amariam vir ao Brasil para uma imersão de duas semanas de atividades, jogos e conversas? Qual o potencial de esses mesmos jovens voltarem aos seus países e passarem a considerar o Brasil como parceiro ideal nos seus planos futuros?

Fica aqui a minha provocação ao ecossistema esportivo brasileiro para buscarmos formas de incluir o esporte na agenda da nossa política externa e potencializar a nossa capacidade de sermos admirados e vislumbrados pela comunidade internacional, dentro e fora das quatro linhas.

The basic concept of power is the ability to influence others to get them to do what you want. There are three major ways to do that: one is to threaten them with sticks; the second is to pay them with carrots; the third is to attract them or co-opt them, so that they want what you want. If you can get others to be attracted, to want what you want, it costs you much less in carrots and sticks.
Harvard Joseph Nye

Júlia Vergueiro é sócia e presidente do Pelado Real Futebol Clube, fundadora da Nossa Arena e escreve mensalmente na Máquina do Esporte
This post appeared on the front page as a direct link to the original article with the above link .

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