US Voting Restrictions: Destroying the Foundations of Democracy

Published in Tokyo Shimbun
(Japan) on 19 July 2021
by (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by D Baker. Edited by Michelle Bisson.
The recent wave of legislation restricting voting access in the United States represents an alarming campaign to destroy the foundations of democracy. Leading this movement is the Republican Party, which is, for all intents and purposes, targeting Black voters and other ethnic minorities, who traditionally support the Democratic Party.

Shortening the duration period for early voting and voting by mail, reducing the number of ballot boxes and tightening the rules on identification that must be presented when requesting a mail-in ballot: these restrictions have been the main focus of voting-related bills enacted in states where the Republican Party controls the state legislature.

According to an American think tank, 28 state laws on voting have been passed in 17 states, including the southern states of Georgia and Florida, and the western state of Arizona.

Many people who work in the service industry are restricted from voting on Election Day, while many low-income earners do not own a car or have a driver's license to use as identification. These voting laws have been written knowing that the people most likely to be in these situations are ethnic minorities.

Last year's presidential election saw a large increase in mail-in voting due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Former President Donald Trump criticized mail-in voting as a hotbed of fraud and repeatedly pushed the baseless claim that the presidential election was stolen.

It is these false claims that have led the Republican Party to pursue voting restrictions.

The feeling of crisis within the Republican Party has also been bolstered by the loss of such strongholds as Georgia.

Not only did the Republican Party lose Georgia in the presidential election, but it was unable to win either of the two Senate seats in the runoffs at the beginning of the year.

President Joe Biden will continue to emphasize cooperation with allies who share the same values, such as Japan, so that the United States can confront autocracy as a leading democracy. At the same time, a movement arguably fueled by racism remains active in America's own backyard.

It is, as Tim Cook, CEO of Apple and critic of voting restriction legislation, said, “American history is the story of expanding the right to vote to all citizens.”

Over time, American society has transcended many barriers, from the founding of the country, when voting rights were restricted to wealthy white men, to the introduction of universal suffrage. Voting restrictions stand in opposition to this progress.

The expansion of voting rights leads to a government that reflects the diverse interests of its people. Voter suppression should not be tolerated in the name of preventing fraud.


<社説>米国の投票制限 民主主義の土台を崩す

民主主義の土台を崩す由々しき事態である。米国内で投票機会を制限する法制化が進んでいる。主導するのは共和党で、民主党支持の多い黒人らマイノリティー(人種的少数派)を事実上、標的にしている。
 期日前投票や郵便投票の期間短縮、投票箱の削減、郵便投票用紙請求時の身分証明の厳格化−。共和党が州議会の多数を占める州で法整備が進む投票制限の主な内容である。
 米シンクタンクのまとめでは、南部のジョージア州やフロリダ州、西部アリゾナ州など十七州で二十八本の州法が成立している。
 サービス業に携わる人が多くて投票日に投票に行くのは制約があるし、車を所有していない低所得者も多く、身分証となる運転免許証も持っていない−。投票制限法はマイノリティーのそんな事情を見越している。
 昨年の大統領選はコロナ禍にあって郵便投票が大幅に増えた。トランプ前大統領は郵便投票を「不正の温床だ」と批判し、大統領選も「投票結果が盗まれた」と根拠もない主張を繰り返す。
 共和党が投票制限に走るのは、トランプ氏の虚偽主張を受けたものだ。
 加えて、ジョージア州のような共和党の地盤といわれた州で敗北したことへの危機感も後押しする。ジョージア州では大統領選を落としたのに続き、この年明けに行われた連邦議会上院の二議席をめぐる決選投票では一勝もできなかった。
 バイデン大統領は米国が民主主義の盟主として専制主義に対峙(たいじ)していくため、価値観を共有する日本はじめ同盟国との連携に力を入れる。ところが足元で起きているのは、人種差別と非難されても仕方のない動きだ。
 投票制限法に反対する米アップルのクック最高経営責任者(CEO)が言うように「米国の歴史は全市民に投票権を拡大する物語」である。
 選挙権が裕福な白人男性に限られた建国期から、普通選挙制度の実現に至るまで、米社会はさまざまな障壁を乗り越えてきた。投票制限はその流れに逆行している。
 選挙権の裾野が広がることは、多様な民意を政治に反映させることにつながる。不正防止を名分に投票行動を圧迫することがあってはならない。
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