Free Rides To Prevent Criminal Records and the Broken Window Theory, Unacceptable Fee Increases

Published in Sankei Shimbun
(Japan) on 11 August 2023
by Kiyoshi Ouchi (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Dorothy Phoenix. Edited by Helaine Schweitzer.
At a subway station I use during my commute to work, I often notice many people nimbly climbing over the ticket gate. It is a mystery to me how people can so brazenly ride for free without penalty.

About five years ago, Washington, D.C. revised its rules to exempt fare-dodgers from criminal punishment. In the metropolitan area, Black residents make up the largest segment of the population at 40%. Washington reasoned that it was necessary to revise the rules about fare-dodgers because prior convictions for even minor crimes hinder employment and any escape from poverty for Black residents who make up a high proportion of arrests.

As a result, the number of fare-dodgers has increased. The subway administration has a system of fines, but its effectiveness has been limited. A police officer acquaintance informed me that parents often use their children’s school commute passes, and cases of children evading fares are also high. The cost in damages, including for bus services, looks to be as high as $40 million, or about 5.7 billion yen, per year.

Violence on the subway system is also increasing. I am reminded of the broken windows theory, [https://www.simplypsychology.org/broken-windows-theory.html], which posits that neglecting a broken window invites rampant crime and regional decay.

Because of the fare-dodging, the subway administration has announced it will install strengthened plastic gates to prevent riders from climbing over the gates. This change is reported to cost $35 million.

Meanwhile, the cost of a ride in the part of the subway I use has increased by 15%. I’m not the only one who is unhappy with this situation.



前科にならない無賃乗車と「割れ窓理論」 納得いかない料金値上げ

通勤に利用する地下鉄駅で、改札をひょいひょいと乗り越えていく人々をよく見かける。あまりに堂々とした無賃乗車がなぜまかり通るのか、不思議だった。

首都ワシントンは約5年前、条例改正で無賃乗車を刑事罰の対象から除外した。首都圏の人口構成は黒人系が40%超と最も多い。軽微な罪であっても前科がつくことが、検挙される割合が高い黒人の就業や「脱貧困」を妨げている-というのが改正の理由だった。

その結果、無賃乗車が増加した。運営会社の罰金制度はあるが、効果は限定的だ。知人の警官は「子供の通学パスを親が使い、子供は無賃乗車するケースも多い」と教えてくれた。バス事業を含む被害額は年間4千万ドル(約57億円)にも上るそうだ。

地下鉄での暴力事件なども増加傾向にある。割れた窓ガラスを放置しておくことが犯罪の横行や地域の荒廃を招く-とする「割れ窓理論」を思い出す。

このため運営会社は、最近、改札を乗り越えられないように強化プラスチック製のゲートを設置すると発表した。それには3500万ドルの追加コストがかかるのだという。

その一方で乗車料金が改定され、私の利用区間では15%ほど値上がりしてしまった。納得いかないのは私だけではないと思う。(大内清)
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