Credit rating does not measure up to the fabled pot of gold found at the end of the rainbow. It is a useful yet belated minimal passing rate, when the stock markets have noted the merits accumulated by a country, rather than by the credit rating agencies. This is what is happening with Uruguay. Fitch Ratings and Moody's increased our country's ratings by one notch — allowing us to now be a step closer to regaining our credit rating that we had once maintained for five years, until we lost it during the financial quagmire of 2002. It is likely that Standard and Poor, the other credit rating agency, will follow the same path. In the meantime, we continue to be within the category of countries whose national debt is regarded as a possible pay off, yet uncertain.
There is a contrast between this prudent technical definition and the stock market's perception. The latter is where the demand for Uruguayan bonds is rising at an even higher price because of its reliability. Bank of America, the largest commercial bank in the United States, has just forecasted that its demand will continue to rise. This investment confidence is based on past and present occurrences. In comparison with Argentina and many other countries, Uruguay has never had a suspension of payments, not even when we were at the verge of a standstill nine years ago. Currently, it illustrates a comparatively healthy situation at a macroeconomic level.
In spite of an unwise excess in public government spending and an inflation rate that is difficult to reduce, the government has officially committed to create a small cushion of reserves and lines of credit for emergencies, so as to bring down their massive national debt. These cushions will absorb possible external upheaval that stem from the tempestuous European weaknesses and the United States’ problematic issues. The approval of the Uruguayan government's law also stresses contributing to foreign investments for infrastructure projects, economic growth and an additional warranty that the country will have at its disposal the resources necessary to maintain a strict payment of the national debt.
Despite all of these factors, the credit rating agencies continue to be parsimonious in admitting what the stock markets have already established. Maybe they do it in order to minimize the risk of making the same mistake. In 2008, the tradition of unequivocal oracles regarding the financial soundness of countries and companies collapsed when institutions with unbeatable strength fell in a blink of an eye during the global financial crisis, created by the U.S. mortgage market.
It is just as important to attain the credit rating again as it is to have a graduation diploma to hang on your wall. Something that seems much more important and is currently underway is that investors continue to pay higher prices for those Uruguayan bonds of national debt; they continue to invest their capital in the country for productive ventures, in order for the the country's risk to remain among the the lowest in the region and in the world. It seems likely that the credit rating will be welcomed only if it returns in the near future. However, this welcoming will not set the bells ringing because this will merely affirm the prestige once gained by Uruguay throughout the previous years among the foreign investors and markets.
El grado inversor no es ciertamente el mítico balde lleno de oro al pie del arco iris. Es apenas una nota de aprobado, útil pero tardía cuando los méritos acumulados por un país han sido reconocidos por los mercados antes que por las calificadoras de riesgo. Es lo que está ocurriendo con Uruguay. Fitch Ratings y Moody´s subieron un escalón a nuestro país, dejándolo solo a un pequeño paso de recuperar el grado inversor, que tuvimos durante cinco años hasta que lo perdimos durante el tembladeral financiero de 2002. Es probable que Standard&Poor´s, la otra calificadora principal, tome igual camino. Pero entre tanto, seguimos en la categoría de países cuya deuda pública es considerada de pago probable pero incierto.
Esta precavida definición técnica contrasta con la percepción de los mercados, donde los bonos uruguayos siguen en demanda creciente por su confiabilidad y a un precio cada vez más alto. Bank of America, el mayor banco comercial de Estados Unidos, acaba de vaticinar que seguirán subiendo. La confianza inversora se fundamenta en el presente y en el pasado. A diferencia de Argentina y tantos otros países, Uruguay jamás cayó en cesación de pagos, ni siquiera cuando estábamos al borde del colapso hace nueve años. Y actualmente muestra, en general, una situación macroeconómica comparativamente saludable.
Pese al exceso de un gasto público imprudente y a una inflación dura de bajar, el gobierno se ha comprometido oficialmente a crear un pequeño colchón de reservas y líneas de crédito contingentes que amortigüe eventuales sacudones externos, derivados de las tormentosas debilidades europeas y las dificultades de Estados Unidos en abatir su gigantesca deuda pública. La aprobación de la ley de asociación de privados con el Estado incide además en facilitar inversiones externas en obras de infraestructura, contribuyendo al crecimiento de la economía y aportando una garantía adicional de que el país dispondrá de los recursos para mantener el pago riguroso de su deuda. Pese a todos estos elementos, las empresas calificadoras siguen mostrándose parsimoniosas en admitir lo que los mercados ya decidieron. Tal vez lo hacen para reducir el peligro de volver a quemarse las manos. Su condición tradicional de oráculos infalibles de la solidez financiera de países y empresas se derrumbó en 2008, cuando instituciones calificadas como fortalezas inexpugnables se derrumbaron de un soplido en la crisis mundial generada en el mercado hipotecario de Estados Unidos.
Igualmente sirve recuperar el grado inversor, como diploma de graduación para colgar en la pared. Pero mucho más importante es que, como está sucediendo, los inversores paguen precios cada vez más altos por los títulos uruguayos de deuda pública, que sigan trayendo sus capitales al país para emprendimientos productivos y que el riesgo país se mantenga entre los más bajos de la región y del mundo. El grado inversor será bienvenido si, como es probable, retorna en el futuro cercano. Pero la bienvenida no significará echar las campanas a vuelo, ya que solo representará la confirmación de un prestigio que Uruguay se ha ganado desde mucho antes en los mercados y entre los inversores externo
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It wouldn’t have cost Trump anything to show a clear intent to deter in a strategically crucial moment; it wouldn’t even have undermined his efforts in Ukraine.
It wouldn’t have cost Trump anything to show a clear intent to deter in a strategically crucial moment; it wouldn’t even have undermined his efforts in Ukraine.