Can Jobs’ Legend be Copied?

Published in Sina
(China) on 26 August 2011
by Zhang Yuzhe (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Liangzi He. Edited by Alyssa Goulding .
On August 24, Apple’s board of directors officially announced that Steve Jobs had resigned as CEO and would be succeeded by Tim Cook. However, Jobs hasn’t left Apple completely but assumed the chair of the board. For Apple, of which Jobs is the soul, the news has added some insecurity to the future of the company.

There are few CEOs whose resignation can draw so much attention. That day, Jobs held a prominent position on every major portal website, with talk that Jobs’ leaving means the end of an era. In 1974, when 21-year-old Jobs started Apple Computer Company with some of his friends, even the most imaginative people could not have expected that a great brand was born. At present, Apple’s stock price is soaring. Last year it exceeded Microsoft and became the world’s largest technology company, this year it surpassed Exxon Mobil and became the largest market capitalization enterprise globally.

Jobs has not resigned to leave Apple completely. Kai-Fu Lee wrote in the preface of the Chinese version of Steve Jobs’ biography that Jobs himself was a legend, and his success truly could not be copied. Now that Jobs has really left, we cannot stop our near-divine worship of Apple and Jobs. We habitually want to deduce the reasons behind such an accomplished figure, hoping to find something to learn from after rational summary of this college dropout’s experience of becoming one of the most powerful CEOs in the U.S.

Rome was not built in a day. Apple’s growth also followed Jobs’ individual efforts in the course of business development; such efforts were timeless after an accumulation of years.

One such example is the concept of innovation. Jobs has a classic saying that the difference between leaders and followers is creativity. Chairman of the board of Qihoo 360, an anti-virus software provider, Zhou Hongyi sighed with regret that in the technology-driven era 20 years ago, when companies like Microsoft made technology cheap and popular, Jobs was already thinking 20 years into the future, a time when the market is driven by consumption. Jobs was one of the first to add aesthetic factors to products, and he proposed that technology should be mixed with liberal arts so that we can produce products that make our heart sing. Then came the colorful iMac and then the beautiful iPad. Other retailers failed to give Apple’s products an appropriate position, but Jobs proposed a new solution — the Apple Store, which has been built around the world and would later be called the wonder of the PC retail industry.

Another example is his pursuit of perfection. When it comes to developing new products, Jobs is perfection paranoid. He seeks precision in every step and detail, including design, user experience, industrial design and system design, and even the display of the motherboard needs to be as artistic as possible. Designers must put up with his nitpicking, modifying products over and over again, and even still may be denied.

Another example is his cooperation with competitors. When Apple and Microsoft announced cooperation on the Macworld Expo in 1997, the world was shocked. It turned out afterward that Jobs’ decision was right. In his opinion, the competitive years of Apple and Microsoft are gone forever. The cooperation would facilitate Apple’s stable development, and let Apple make significant contributions to the technology industry, which will promote its prosperity and development.

Jobs is like a mirror through which we see our own shortcomings. The comprehensive survey report of 15 years of China’s entrepreneurs’ growth and development shows that compared to businesses in developed countries, the overall innovative level of China’s enterprises is relatively low, and some creative aspects are even at entry level. When Apple’s iPad is popular all over the world, various fake versions of Apple products fill the Chinese market; when Apple’s product quality reached greater perfection, many home appliances manufactured in a small factory in a province in China were disqualified. While Jobs and Bill Gates reach an agreement, some companies in this industry in China still fight fiercely over prices, oftentimes scandalously.

Even though Jobs is no longer CEO of Apple, his name will not be forgotten. Perhaps Jobs’ uninhibited temperament cannot be competed with, and his legendary life cannot be copied, but we still hope that there will be similar figures in China’s businesses, creating an Apple of our own.


张遇哲:乔布斯的传奇能否复制

2011年08月26日06:02 中国青年报

8月24日,苹果公司董事会正式宣布,乔布斯辞去CEO并由COO库克接任。但乔布斯并没有完全离开苹果,而是进入董事会担任主席。对苹果而言,乔布斯是灵魂人物,他辞去CEO给苹果的未来增添了不稳定感。(《羊城晚报》8月25日)

  很少有哪一位CEO的离职如此引人注目。24日,乔布斯登上各大门户网站的醒目位置,议论纷纷的人们认为“乔布斯的离去,象征着一个时代的终结”。1974年,当21岁的乔布斯与朋友合伙在自己的车库成立苹果电脑公司时,恐怕最富想象力的人也无法预知一个伟大品牌从此诞生。如今苹果股价一路飙升,去年超越微软成为世界第一大科技公司,今年超越埃克森美孚成为全球最大市值企业。

  乔布斯只是辞去CEO而尚未彻底离开苹果。李开复在中文版《乔布斯传》的序中称“乔布斯本身就是一个传奇,乔布斯的成功真的无法复制”。当乔爷真的转身离去时,我们无法避免对苹果和乔布斯的近乎神化的崇拜,还是会习惯性地从“结果”反向推导“原因”,希望窥探出这个仅念过一学期大学的肄业生成为全美最佳CEO的答案,希望在其行为中找到一些能经由理性总结并成可资借鉴的部分。

  罗马不是一天建成的,苹果的成长亦点滴记录着乔布斯在创业历程中的个人努力,它们经过岁月的沉淀,历久弥新。

  比如理念创新。乔布斯有句经典名言:领袖和跟风者的区别就在于是否创新。奇虎360董事长周鸿祎曾慨叹:在20年前技术驱动的年代,微软这类以技术为先导的公司把技术做得廉价,把技术做得很大众化,乔布斯的思想已经跨越到20年后的消费驱动时代。乔布斯率先在产品中置入美学因素,提出“科技要和人文、艺术融合,才能产生让我们的心为之歌唱的结果”,于是才有了多姿多彩的iMac和漂亮的iPad。其他零售商都没有给予苹果产品正确的定位,乔布斯却提出了新的解决方案——苹果商店,并让这样的商店遍布全球,被称为“电脑零售业的奇葩”。

  比如追求完美。在对新产品质量的要求上,乔布斯是近乎追求完美的偏执狂。他追求每个步骤和细节的精确,无论是外观设计、用户体验、工业设计,还是系统设计,甚至主板如何摆放,所有的一切都必须尽可能美观。设计师们必须忍受他的吹毛求疵,一遍遍地修改产品,甚至被彻底否定。

  再比如与竞争对手合作。当苹果与微软在1997年的Macworld展览会上宣布合作时,举世震惊。后来的事实验证了乔布斯的判断,“在我看来,苹果与微软之间的竞争时代已经一去不复返了。这将帮助苹果稳健发展,并让苹果能够对科技行业作出巨大贡献,并推动科技行业的繁荣与发展。”

  以人为镜,可以明得失。乔布斯是一面镜子,照出我们的短处。“中国企业家队伍成长与发展十五年调查综合报告”显示,与发达国家的企业相比,中国企业创新的总体水平还比较低,不少方面的创新还处于初级阶段。当苹果的iPad风靡全球,各种山寨版的苹果产品充斥内地市场;当苹果为质量精益求精,我国某省小家电商品质量抽检显示七成不合格。当乔布斯和盖茨化干戈为玉帛,我们的某些产业的同行还在大打价格战,甚至不惜造谣中伤……

  作为CEO的乔布斯完美谢幕,但江湖上将永远流传着他的名字。也许,乔布斯的不羁性情让我们难以望其项背,其传奇人生更是可遇而不可求,但我们还是希望,能够在本土企业家身上看到乔布斯的影子,见证属于我们自己的“苹果”。
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