The Upper Class and American Green Cards: Not Economical

Published in Huanqiu
(China) on 18 September 2013
by Liu Ge (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Kim Wang. Edited by Rachel Smith.
More and more of the upper class is considering emigrating overseas, especially to the United States. Often, because their business is still in China, along with other considerations, they are reluctant to give up Chinese citizenship and prefer obtaining U.S. green cards to establish permanent residency. This way, there are no problems with traveling between the countries.

However, many people find that the reality of the immigration process, especially with regard to taxes, is not exactly ideal.

For those households who have their center of gravity in the U.S. after emigrating, this may not be such a problem. But those who have companies in China and are not employed in the U.S. need to give thought to taxation issues when applying for a green card.

China currently mainly implements indirect taxes. Personal income taxes count as payroll taxes in the implementation process. The main income tax comes from the class with higher salaries. A variety of other services outside of wages and property income are not taxed. Business owners typically give lower wages so that they hardly pay income taxes. Although the tax burden is heavier for the company, it is in fact shared by the consumers, employees and business owners. The personal income tax that business owners pay is therefore not so high.

The U.S. tax system can be improved to be much more effective. Among its many federal taxes, the income tax remains dominant, accounting for around 50 percent of total federal tax revenue. This revenue also includes the federal estate tax, inheritance tax, local property taxes and other taxes, which all become the responsibility of the individual. According to 2000-2010 statistics, U.S. households pay an average of 29 percent of their household income to the government as annual taxes. Though personal income taxes are mainly on the basis of household income, demographic factors, tax exemptions and tax credits, only low-income families and families with children are able to profit from tax rebates. For higher-income classes, these taxes are not easy to avoid. Once tax evasion is discovered, one could have to pay fines, be discredited or go to jail.

Therefore, businesses within China face an awkward situation: In China, they have to bear a heavier company tax burden; in America, they have to pay a higher personal income tax.

According to the IRS in a Taxation of Green Card Holders guide published in October 2006, “A green card holder is considered to be a resident of the U.S. for U.S. income tax purposes and is therefore subject to U.S. taxes on worldwide income.” Worldwide income covers personal income, foreign bank accounts, stocks, equity, investments and more. Before, this bill was not strictly enforced, but the U.S. government has engaged in much more stringent enforcement as it becomes more and more nervous over its spending. This policy's enforcement will likely become more and more strict as time goes on.

In the long term, getting a green card is no longer a win-win situation. Having it both ways and trying to take advantage of the system has become more and more difficult.


越来越多的先富人群正在或者考虑移民海外,尤其是美国。通常,由于生意还在国内,以及一些其他方面的考虑,他们不太愿意放弃中国国籍,更愿意拿一张美国绿卡获得永久居留权。这样来去自如,好不潇洒。

  但在实际操作移民的过程中,很多人发现,现实,尤其是税制方面,未必那么理想。

  对于那些移民美国后工作生活重心都迁移到美国的家庭,并不存在这个问题。但对那些在国内有生意有企业,不在美国就业,工作生活的重心依然在国内的富人们,拿绿卡时需要对税收方面的问题进行一番深思熟虑。


  中国目前主要实施的是间接税,纳税主体是企业。虽然有个人所得税的名目,但在实施过程中,实际上从简为工资税。纳税主体主要是高薪工薪阶层。工资以外的各种劳务性、财产性收入并不会被征税。而企业的经营者通常在企业中只领取较低的工资,因此只交很少的所得税。而企业的税赋虽然总体较重,但实际上由消费者、员工和企业拥有者共同分担。企业拥有者个人实际缴纳的所得税并不高。

  而美国的税收制度要完善和有效得多。在各种联邦税中,收入所得税占主要地位。在联邦总税收中,个人收入所得税所占比例为50%左右。同时包括联邦遗产、继承税地方税中的房产税等也都落在个人头上。据统计从2000年到2010年,美国家庭平均每年向政府缴纳的各种税赋约占家庭收入的29%。虽然个人所得税主要是按照家庭收入和人口等因素考虑,去掉免税和抵税额来征收,但只有中低收入家庭和孩子多的家庭会享受到政府退税,而对于高收入阶层来说,这些税收很难逃掉。一旦被发现偷税漏税,轻者吃罚单,名誉扫地,重者坐牢。

  因此生意重心在国内的富人面临这样一个尴尬局面:在中国,企业要承担较重税负;而在美国,个人收入又要缴纳较高税负。

  根据美国国税局2006年10月发布的《绿卡持有者纳税指南》:“作为一名美国永久居民,便有义务申报在全世界范围内不管以何种方式获得的收入。”全球所得的范围包括个人薪资收入、海外银行账户、股权或股票等投资收益等等。这一法案之前并未严格执行,而随着美国政府的钱袋子越来越紧张,申报的严格程度越来越高。从长期的趋势看,政策的执行只会越来越严格。

  从长远看,拿绿卡很难再是一个稳赚不赔的买卖。要想左右逢源,两头的便宜都占,比以前越来越难了。
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