Obama Turns His Attention Back to the Economy

Published in Lianhe Zaobao
(Singapore) on 14 June 2009
by Chen Qingshan (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Edward Seah. Edited by Katy Burtner.
Since U.S. President Barack Obama took office, he has pushed for Congress to approve the $787 billion economic stimulus package, as well as pumping in enormous funds through various channels to rescue financial, and other, institutions. The federal government has also intervened in the economy with an intensity not seen in decades, including directly injecting funds to buy out corporations and turn them into state-owned enterprises, as well as limiting the salaries of high-level corporate executives.

At the same time, Mr. Obama has been in action in various front lines to carry out his promise of reforms to reinvigorate and to change the face of domestic and foreign policies.

A few months ago, Mr. Obama listed the achievements of his first 100 days as president in a press conference at the White House. These included successfully pushing Congress to approve the economic stimulus package, creating or retaining 1.5 million jobs, allowing 95 percent of the working class to enjoy tax rebates, taking steps to end the Iraq War, strengthening cooperation with NATO, striking at Al-Qaeda in Afghanistan and Pakistan, making a decision to close down the Guantanamo Bay prison and fully prohibiting the use of torture.

Obama's performance after he took office has won him universal praise. A survey carried out by the Associated Press in April found that 48 percent of those interviewed thought that the U.S. was heading in the right direction, a 31 percent increase from half a year ago. There were others, however, who felt that Obama had been doing too many things, and still others who felt that he had not done enough in the area of the economy. 90 percent of those interviewed felt that the economy was the most important problem to be dealt with.

Singapore's Minister Mentor Lee Kuan Yew, who had visited Kuala Lumpur a few days ago, felt the same way. He felt that it would be better if Obama could pay more attention to economic problems. According to the reporter, MM Lee was concerned that as Obama has been directing his attention to issues such as reforming the health care institution, reducing energy consumption and combating climate changes, he has not been able to concentrate on handling the knotty economic problems.

“He has thrown many balls into the air, and I am sure that he has the ability to catch them all. However, the current economic problems require him to put in a lot of effort to handle and resolve in order for the economy to get back on track.”

At the beginning of his term, many commentators said that Mr. Obama was facing some of the harshest challenges since President Roosevelt. Mr. Obama once said on his 100th day press conference: “What surprised me was, usually a president will be faced with a problem or two when he takes office, but I didn't expect I would be faced with seven or eight of them.”

Mr. Obama's words reminds us of what President Harry Truman once said. “I felt like the moon, the stars and all the planets had fallen on me.”

Truman took over from President Roosevelt, who passed away during his term in 1945. During his term, Truman had seldom met with Roosevelt and had not received reports on the development of nuclear bombs and the U.S.-U.S.S.R. relationship. On the following day of his coming into office, all of these problems, as well as a series of issues during the war, rained down on President Truman. They were more than he could handle, and he had therefore poured out his woes to the reporters.

Though he marveled at the magnitude and complexity of his tasks ahead, Mr. Obama, however, has always displayed a prudent yet optimistic sense of confidence.

Nothing compared to Truman and Roosevelt

In a recent interview with the Associated Press, a number of scholars studying American presidents compared the challenges Obama has faced with those that a few former leaders who took office in troubled times had faced. They felt that the challenges Obama is facing are in fact nothing compared to what those leaders had been through.

Truman himself was faced with the decision of how to end the Second World War, whether to drop the atomic bomb on Japan (this would reduce the American troops casualties, but tens of thousands of Japanese civilians would perish), as well as how to establish world peace, which included how to deal with Nazi Germany, the perpetrator of a war that caused widespread misery and suffering.

Stephen Hess, senior fellow at the Brookings Institution, said: “This fellow was dealt an incredibly difficult hand, both foreign and domestic. But maybe if you compare him to Lincoln or to FDR, it is not such a mountain to climb.”

“On the scale of being confronted with truly major problems on taking office, I think I would have to put it in the top 10 percent,” said Hess. These problems included the economic crisis, the Guantanamo Bay detainees, health care, North Korea’s nuclear program, Iran’s nuclear program, as well as the Israel-Palestine problem. “Lincoln took over on the verge of a civil war that was going to divide the country. Americans were slaughtering Americans. Roosevelt faced the worst depression the United States ever had.”

Comparing Obama with Roosevelt, Julian Zelizer, professor of history and public affairs at Princeton University, said that though Roosevelt did not face major diplomatic challengers when he took office, he was faced with an economic collapse that was far more serious than the economic crisis that Obama has inherited.

Then there was Kennedy, who has often been mentioned in the same breath with Obama.

When John F. Kennedy took office in 1961, he took over the plans to train and support Cuban exiles to invade their homeland from the previous administration. The Bay of Pigs Invasion, however, was an utter failure, and the young president was embarrassed.

The Kennedy administration continued to put pressure on Cuba, which led to the Cuban Missile Crisis in October 1962. “We were at the brink of nuclear war. I don't think we are at the brink of war with the North Koreans," said G. Calvin Mackenzie, professor of government at Colby College.

Scholars thus felt that though Obama was faced with a thousand and one formidable challenges, they are nonetheless not insurmountable ones.

As Obama and his party start to fulfill his other promises of reforms made during the election one by one, he has also recently begun to shift his focus back on the economy.

On Tuesday of this week, Mr. Obama announced during a cabinet meeting that he intends to speed up the implementation of the $787 billion economic stimulation plan. He admitted that he was not satisfied with the stimulation plan’s progress, and he promised to carry it out in a more transparent manner. The federal government had also announced a number of new plans to stimulate the economy on the same day.

Obama’s economic stimulus plans will continue to be announced one after another, because he understands that though the U.S. economy is seeing signs of recovery, it is in fact merely slowing its fall. There is still a long and arduous journey ahead to full recovery. The public evaluation of his administration’s success still hinges mainly on the economy’s performance.


美国总统奥巴马上任以来,推动国会核准7870亿美元经济刺激配套,并通过各种管道投入庞大资金拯救金融等业。联邦政府也以数十年来少见的力度干预经济,包括直接注资将大型企业收归国有和限制企业高层的薪酬。

  与此同时,奥巴马在多个战线连续出击,履行改革诺言,为美国的内政外交带来新貌和新动力。

前个月,奥巴马在白宫记者会上,给自己列了一份百日成绩单,内容包括推动国会通过了经济刺激计划,创造或保住15万个工作岗位,让95%的工薪阶级享受减税优惠,开始结束伊拉克战争,与北约盟国加强合作,打击阿富汗和巴基斯坦的卡伊达组织,决定关闭关塔那摩监狱和全面禁止使用酷刑。

  奥巴马上任后的表现,有口皆碑,美联社4月份民意调查发现,48%受访者认为美国正朝正确方向前进,比半年前提高31个百分点。但有人认为奥巴马做得太多太杂,有人却觉得他在经济方面做得不够。90%受访者认为,经济才是最重要问题。

  日前在吉隆坡访问的我国内阁资政李光耀也有同感,他认为奥巴马若能更关注经济问题会更好。据记者引述,资政担心奥巴马把注意力分散在改革医疗保健制度,减少能源使用及对抗气候变化等广泛的课题上,而无法专心去应付棘手的经济问题。

  “他把很多球抛在空中,我肯定他有能力接住所有的球。但是,这个经济问题需要他投入很多心思去处理并进行调试,才能重回轨道。”

  奥巴马上任伊始,许多评论家都说他面对的是罗斯福总统以来最严峻的挑战。奥巴马他在执政百日记者会上说过:“让我惊讶的是,通常总统上任后会遭遇一两个难题,但我没想到会遇到七八个。”

  奥巴马的话让人想起杜鲁门总统的一句名言:“一夜之间,我感觉月亮、星星和所有星球都朝我撞来。”

  杜鲁门是在1945年接替任内去世的罗斯福总统。他担任副总统期间,很少会晤罗斯福,也没接到关于发展原子弹以及美苏关系的汇报。杜鲁门接任总统的隔天,所有这些问题连同其他一系列战争时期的问题纷至沓来,让他招架不住,而向记者大吐苦水。

  反观奥巴马,他在惊叹任务艰巨繁杂的同时却处处表露了谨慎乐观的信心。

比起杜鲁门罗斯福小巫见大巫

  多名研究美国总统的学者最近接受美联社访问时,比较了奥巴马和几位在多事之秋出任总统的领导人所面对的挑战,他们认为,奥巴马面对的挑战跟这些人比较其实是小巫见大巫。  

  说回杜鲁门,他面对的决策包括如何结束二战,是否下令向日本投下原子弹(这将能减少美军上万但成千上万日本平民将丧命),以及如何建设世界和平,包括如何善后挑起战争祸端造成生灵涂炭的纳粹德国。  

  布鲁京斯研究院高级院士赫斯说:“无论外交或国内问题,奥巴马手拿着的都是坏牌。可是和林肯或罗斯福对比,这还不是一座高不可攀的大山。”

  “我会把奥巴马就任时面对的难题列为难度最高的10%。”赫斯说,这些问题包括经济危机、关塔纳摩囚犯、医疗保健、朝鲜核计划、伊朗核计划和以巴问题等。“可是,林肯就任时美国正濒于内战,美国人自相残杀,国家面临分裂。罗斯福则面对美国历来最严峻的经济萧条。”

  比较奥巴马和罗斯福,普林斯顿大学历史和公共事务教授仄力泽说,罗斯福上台时虽然没有面对重大的外交挑战,可是,他面对经济崩溃,却比奥巴马接手的经济危机严重的多。

  还有经常被拿来和奥巴马相提并论的肯尼迪总统。

  肯尼迪1961年上任时,接过前任政府训练和扶持古巴流亡分子反攻祖国的策略。但猪仔湾登陆行动焦头烂额,年轻的总统威颜扫地。

  肯尼迪政府继续向古巴施压,引发了1962年10月的古巴导弹危机。科尔比大学政行系教授麦肯芝指出;“核战当年近在眉睫一触即发。我们和朝鲜如今还没走到这个地步。”

  学者们因此认为,奥巴马目前面对的是千头万绪的艰巨考验,但却不是难以克服的挑战。

  随着奥巴马和他团队陆续落实他在大选时许下的其他改革诺言,奥巴马近日开始把注意力重新转回到经济。

  本周二,奥巴马在内阁会议上宣布要加快落实7870亿美元经济振兴计划。他承认对振兴计划的进度并不满意。他也承诺要以更透明的方式落实计划。联邦政府当天也宣布了多项振兴经济的新计划。

奥巴马的振兴经济方案还会陆续出台,因为他明白,美国经济虽然露出曙光,但充其量只是放慢下跌的速度,距离复苏还有一段漫长的崎岖之路。而人们评估他政权的成败,始终还是以经济表现为主要考量。

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