Can Trump Beat Clinton?

Published in El Diario Exterior
(Spain) on 8 May 2016
by Álvaro Vargas Llosa (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Beth Holding. Edited by Melanie Rehfuss.
First, experts said that Donald Trump would get nowhere. Then, that he wouldn’t break the 30 percent mark. Later, that Ted Cruz had managed to accumulate newfound popularity among Republicans, having previously insulted the Party, all because the common goal of stopping the stray bullet that is Trump prevailed over all else. Until Trump – much like this column has been predicting these last few weeks – became the only real candidate to consider. Come the national convention this summer, he will have accumulated enough delegates to run a chance of winning the nomination on the first ballot.

Now there’s talk of the sheer impossibility that Trump could overthrow Clinton or even be considered the ideal opponent to the Democrats – a party that any other Republican candidate would have easily defeated considering the disrepute surrounding the Clintons’ perceived role in the political-financial mess-up, having ignored warning signs from the public. But can we really be sure?

It’s true that, for several decades, elections have been much easier for the Democrats, who have control of 18 states including the capital, than the Republicans, who only have 13 definite states. It’s also true that Trump would have to take, hypothetically speaking, Colorado and Virginia, as well as Pennsylvania and Michigan, to match the U-turn fronted by Ronald Reagan back in 1980. Let’s not forget that George W. Bush only won by a very small margin.

To make things even harder, Trump is viewed negatively by 65 percent of the population, 9 percent more than his Democrat rival. If he wants to improve his chances of winning, he’ll have to considerably increase his voter base to secure not only the Hispanic and African-American vote, but also win over women in higher education – three groups who’d run a mile before turning to him.

Yet this analysis, though true, overlooks three important electoral factors: the reconstitution of the voter base, the Republican Party’s internal revolution, and voter apathy toward the Democratic party (excluding Sanders) – an issue which Clinton is trying to crack in time for the Democratic primaries.

The reconstitution of the voter base means that many independent protectionists and assistencialists have affiliated themselves with the Republican camp or have voted as such in the primaries for certain states without explicitly expressing their standing. White voters, generally males with poor academic backgrounds and increased reception to nationalist and isolationist discourse, have shown their alliance with Trump. Interestingly, in the Democrat camp, the demographics of Sanders’s considerable voter base are somewhat similar. For these people, their hatred of Clinton is perhaps more powerful than their reluctance to vote for a Republican candidate.

As for the Republican Party’s internal revolution, the triumph of a protectionist, interventionist, isolationist, and nationalist discourse represents the denial that first Goldwater, and then Reagan drummed into the Republican camp. It’s a reaction to the disruption provoked, in certain areas, by the onset of globalization; to the increase in world threats and the continual complications in which, due to foreign policy, America is very much involved; and, of course, to the 2008 financial crisis, which gave rise to discontent toward the political-financial elite.

Finally, there’s the issue of voter indifference toward the Democrats, Sanders being the exception. Compared to four years ago, voter participation in the primaries for certain states has decreased by almost 30 percent. Staying at home on Election Day is, in terms of U.S. politics, one of the most powerful weapons for social protest – an enemy that Clinton fears just as much as, or perhaps even more than, Trump himself.


Clinton es favorita a pesar de todos sus defectos electorales. Pero en el año de las cosas raras nadie puede descartar que la más rara de todas acabe sucediendo.

Primero dijeron los entendidos que Donald Trump era una golondrina de verano. Luego, que tenía un techo de 30%. Finalmente, que Ted Cruz había logrado hacerse querer por el establishment republicano al que tanto ha denostado porque el objetivo común de parar a esa bala perdida que es Trump prevalecía sobre lo demás. Hasta que Trump -como esta columna vaticina desde hace semanas- se ha convertido en el candidato de facto. Llegará a la Convención con los delegados suficientes para ser nominado en primera votación.
Ahora se dice que no hay forma de que Trump derrote a Hillary Clinton y de que es el rival ideal para la demócrata, a la que cualquier otro republicano, visto el descrédito de la pareja Clinton, a la que se percibe como parte de un tinglado de intereses politico-financieros ajeno a la experiencia cotidiana de la gente, habría derrotado. Pero ¿podemos estar seguros?

Es cierto que las elecciones son, desde hace algunas décadas, mucho más fáciles para los demócratas, que tienen el control de 18 estados y la capital, que para los republicanos, que sólo tienen 13 estados seguros. También es cierto que Trump tendría que arrebatarle a Clinton, digamos, Colorado y Virginia, así como Pennsylvania y Michigan, para dar un golpe de timón parecido al que dio Ronald Reagan en 1980. Recordemos que las victorias de George W. Bush fueron por puesta de mano.

Para más dificultad, Trump, que carga con un voto negativo de 65% por ciento, nueve puntos superior al de la demócrata, tendría que ampliar su base considerablemente, captando mujeres con educación superior, hispanos y afroamericanos, tres segmentos que huyen de él como el gato del agua.

Pero este análisis, con ser cierto, pierde de vista tres factores de esta elección: la recomposición del electorado, la revolución al interior del Partido Republicano y la apatía del votante demócrata que no está con Sanders, ese hueso que Clinton sigue tratando de roer para acabar de resolver las primarias demócratas.

La recomposición del electorado hace que hoy muchos independientes proteccionistas y asistencialistas se hayan inscrito en el Partido Republicano o hayan participado en las primarias de algunos estados sin inscribirse como tales. Votantes blancos, con escasa educación académica, generalmente varones, receptivos al mensaje nacionalista y aislacionista, se han volcado con Trump. Curiosamente, la sociología del voto de Sanders, nada desdeñable en el Partido Demócrata, es parecida. El odio de este electorado por Clinton puede ser superior a su renuencia a votar por un candidato republicano.

En cuanto a la revolución del partido de Reagan: el triunfo de un discurso proteccionista, intervencionista, aislacionista y nacionalista es la negación lo que Goldwater, primero, y Reagan después, inculcaron a las huestes republicanas. Se trata de una reacción al trastorno que ha supuesto en ciertos sectores la globalización, a la multiplicación de amenazas mundiales y los embrollos continuos en que la política exterior participativa coloca a Estados Unidos y, por supuesto, la crisis de 2008, que hizo surgir una clase de indignados contra le elite político-financiera.

Por último está la apatía del votante demócrata, excepto el de Sanders. Hay casi 30% menos de electores demócratas en las primarias de algunos estados de los que hubo hace cuatro años. Quedarse en casa el día de las elecciones es, en la política estadounidense, una de las armas más potentes de protesta social. Un enemigo que Clinton teme tanto o más que a Trump.

Resumo: Clinton es favorita a pesar de todos sus defectos electorales. Pero en el año de las cosas raras nadie puede descartar que la más rara de todas acabe sucediendo.
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