Trade Truce between the US and European Union

Published in La Vanguardia
(Spain) on 27 July 2018
by Editorial (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Matthew Gittings. Edited by Nkem Okafor.
The trade war between the United States and the European Union benefits neither side. However, laying the groundwork needed to avoid it, or at least limit the impact, will be difficult when one of the parties is led by the unpredictable Donald Trump.

That is what makes the agreement in principle, which the presidents of the U.S. and the European Commission presented on Wednesday, an important one. As a show of goodwill, both sides agreed to create a team to negotiate the elimination of tariffs on industrial goods. The taxes on European steel and aluminum that Washington has been imposing for several weeks, although still in place, will be re-evaluated, and Brussels will do the same with the levies that were imposed on American products in retaliation.

The agreement works toward the reduction of tariffs, strengthening the energy partnership, opening a dialogue to facilitate commerce, and collaborating on reforming the World Trade Organization. For the moment, the agreement allows both parties to save face in front of their respective audiences. For now, there will be no American taxes on European cars; Germany, which would be primarily affected, will breathe a sigh of relief. In return, the European Union will import more liquefied gas and soy, an issue which has not pleased France due to the impact on its important agricultural sector. With these measures Trump has done a favor for American farmers punished by the European tariffs in his attempt to cultivate their votes ahead of the November midterm elections which many Republican congressmen and senators contemplate with fear. In fact, key figures within the party have criticized the tariffs and bailouts – $12 billion to agricultural businesses affected by the trade war – approved by the Trump administration.

The trade war is not over yet, but at least it has been scaled down. This is undoubtedly good news after the attacks and contempt shown by Trump in recent weeks toward his European partners, although it always comes at the cost of the president’s unpredictable changes of opinion. We should not forget that he also claimed to have arrived at a trade agreement with China and then later said that he had not, nor should we forget that Trump is moving increasingly away from Europe in economic, diplomatic and security terms. The defense of protectionism that the American president makes is at odds with European multilateral liberalism.

The United States and the European Union seem to have lit the peace pipe, but have yet to put words into action, and in the matter of trade, there is no simple negotiation.


Tregua comercial UE-EE.UU.

La guerra comercial entre la Unión Europea y ­Estados Unidos no beneficia a ninguna de las dos partes pero poner los cimientos para evitarla, o al menos aminorar sus consecuencias, es siempre difícil cuando una de las partes está liderada por el imprevisible Donald Trump.

Por eso es importante el principio de acuerdo que el miércoles escenificaron el presidente estadounidense y el de la Comisión Europea, Jean-Claude Juncker. Como prueba de buena voluntad ambas partes acordaron crear un equipo que negocie la eliminación de aranceles en los bienes industriales. Los impuestos que Washington aplica desde hace semanas al acero y al aluminio europeos, aunque de momento se mantienen serán reexaminados, y lo mismo hará Bruselas con los productos americanos que gravó como represalia.

El pacto prevé avanzar hacia la reducción de aranceles, fortalecer la cooperación energética, abrir un diálogo para facilitar el comercio y colaborar en la reforma de la Organización Mundial de Comercio. De momento el acuerdo permite salvar la cara a ambas partes ante sus respectivas audiencias. Por ahora no habrá impuestos americanos a los coches europeos –Alemania, que sería la principal perjudicada, suspira aliviada– y en contrapartida la UE importará más soja –lo que no ha gustado nada a Francia por la afectación sobre su importante sector agrícola– y gas licuado de Estados Unidos. Con estas medidas Trump se apunta un tanto ante los granjeros de su país castigados por los aranceles europeos, en su intento de cultivar su granero de votos de cara a las elecciones de noviembre, que muchos congresistas y senadores republicanos contemplan con temor. De hecho, destacados líderes del partido han criticado los aranceles y rescates –ayudas por 12.000 millones de dólares a agricultores afectados por la guerra comercial– aprobados por la Administración Trump.

La guerra comercial no ha terminado pero al menos se ha rebajado. Después de los ataques y el menosprecio mostrado por Trump las últimas semanas hacia sus socios ­europeos, esta es, sin duda, una buena noticia aunque, eso sí, siempre a expensas de los imprevisibles cambios de ­opinión del presidente. No olvidemos que también dijo haber llegado a un acuerdo comercial con China y luego él mismo dijo que no, ni que Trump está cada vez más lejos de Europa en los temas económicos, diplomáticos y de segu­ridad. La defensa del proteccionismo que hace el presidente americano está en las antípodas del liberalismo multilateral europeo.

EE.UU. y la UE parecen haber encendido la pipa de la paz pero falta pasar de las palabras a los hechos. Y en materia comercial no hay negociación sencilla.
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