The United States Is at War

Published in 24 Heures
(Switzerland) on 5 September 2019
by Nicolas Pinguely (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Haley Frevert. Edited by Arielle Eirienne.
The tone is beginning to change. Until recently, the trade war between Washington and Beijing did not really worry economists. The majority was expecting that an agreement would be reached at some point. The American (and to a greater extent, Western) demands were, on the whole, legitimate: access to the Chinese market for businesses, respect for intellectual property rights, the end of forced technology transfers. No, China was not going to risk undermining its growth and seeing its unemployment rate climb by opposing the Trump administration head-on. The threat of riots was too great. As for the United States, it needed to soften its position a little and take a step toward Beijing. It was not in its interest to break global trade with protectionist measures and foster a recession. That’s the theory, anyway.

Economists are beginning to consider something else. A latent economic war is underway between the United States and Beijing, and a solution will take a long time. Why? China has its own economic agenda and value system. It wants to cut loose and become a solidly middle class country. It’s moving at its own pace. On the other hand, the American drive to contain China in the battle for world leadership is real. A China that wants to cozy up to the rest of the world with the Belt and Road Initiative. A China that also has its eyes on Africa. That goes beyond simple economics.

One element is symptomatic. The presidential election is coming up, but the United States remains totally inflexible. The stages of negotiation have added up with nothing to show, at the risk of plunging the American economy, which has been doing rather well, into the red. President Trump’s inner circle, dominated by the anti-Chinese Peter Navarro, is symptomatic of this new order. In effect, Washington is at war. Nothing more, nothing less.


Le ton est en train de changer. Jusqu’à récemment, la guerre commerciale entre Washington et Pékin n’inquiétait pas vraiment les économistes. La plupart s’attendaient à ce qu’un accord soit finalement trouvé. Les revendications américaines (et plus largement occidentales) étaient somme toute légitimes: accès au marché chinois pour les entreprises, respect des droits de propriété intellectuelle, fin du transfert forcé de technologies. Non, la Chine n’allait pas prendre le risque de saper sa croissance et de voir son taux de chômage grimper, en s’opposant frontalement à l’administration Trump. La menace d’émeutes sociales était trop grande. Quant aux États-Unis, ils devaient adoucir un peu leur position et faire un pas en direction de Pékin. Il n’était pas dans leur intérêt de casser le commerce mondial par des mesures protectionnistes et de favoriser une récession. Voilà pour la théorie.

Les économistes commencent à envisager autre chose. Une guerre économique larvée entre les États-Unis et Pékin est en cours. Sa résolution prendra beaucoup de temps. Pourquoi? La Chine a son propre agenda économique et sa propre échelle de valeurs. Elle veut s’émanciper et devenir un pays à la solide classe moyenne. Elle bougera à son rythme. En face, la volonté américaine de contenir la Chine dans la lutte pour le leadership mondial est réelle. Une Chine qui veut se rapprocher du monde avec la nouvelle route de la soie. Une Chine qui lorgne aussi l’Afrique. Cela dépasse le simple cadre économique.

Un élément est symptomatique. L’élection présidentielle s’invite à l’agenda, mais les États-Unis restent totalement inflexibles. Les phases de négociation s’enchaînent et ne donnent rien. Au risque de faire plonger dans le rouge une économie américaine qui se porte assez bien. La garde rapprochée du président Trump, dominée par le très antichinois Peter Navarro, est symptomatique de cette nouvelle donne. En clair, Washington est en guerre. Ni plus ni moins.
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