China and the United States: COVID-19 and Geopolitics

Published in Página 12
(Argentina) on 23 April 2020
by Juan Manuel Karg (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Lucas Armocida. Edited by Helaine Schweitzer.

 

 

It is clear that the world has changed. Not only because we are locked up in our homes 24 hours a day, but also because globalization as we knew it earlier this year has experienced an important shift. Here is the paradox: It is communist China which shows itself as “globalist,” providing assistance with sanitation to every continent, while the United States, once the guardian of multilateralism, throws punches as if it were fighting against itself.

Donald Trump did not only lock himself up within his borders. He blamed the World Health Organization, China, immigrants, his country’s governors, the Joe Biden-Barack Obama duo, Bill Gates and a long list of others. He seized ventilators by pillaging them from other countries and had 22 million Americans applying for unemployment insurance in less than a month. The tantrum he threw against others may be an attempt to redirect public discussion and focus from the thousands of deaths occurring daily in the United States. It was the head of state of the (still) most powerful country in the world who, months ago, said that the virus would be gone with the warmth of April. April came and settled in; and the virus not only stayed, but expanded as in no other place on earth. The images of mass graves on Hart Island in New York indicate that something is different. In contrast with 9/11, this time the declining superpower shows its dead; it shows itself vulnerable for the first time.

Initially judged for propagating the virus and keeping information secret, Beijing quickly transitioned to a soft-power phase. Zhao Lijian, spokesman for the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs, announced that Xi Jinping’s administration sent supplies to 127 countries. According to Chinese customs, between March and April, China exported more than 35 million units of personal protection equipment, 2.5 million thermometers, 3 million testing kits and 8.5 million protective glasses. Moreover, the Chinese Ministry of Foreign Affairs confirmed that, by April 10, 13 medical teams were sent to 11 countries, and that 70 videoconferences were conducted with experts from more than 150 countries. In other words: China’s is a large-scale, coordinated and sustained action, which includes $20 million in additional financing for the WHO. Trump, on the other hand, called off American support.

It is too soon to guess how the future, or even the post-pandemic world will be. Today, the great question is when and how this global quarantine, unprecedented in human history, will come to an end. We not only do not know what will happen in five years, we do not even know what will happen next week. One thing is certain, though. Until now, the two great central world powers have chosen two different strategies regarding the COVID-19 crisis. The United States chooses to stay within its borders pursuant to a strategy of defensive discourse, while the People’s Republic of China goes abroad and exerts soft power to slow the spread of the virus. Both strategies will, no doubt, have consequences on the international stage. For example, the European Union, the strategic ally of the United States during past decades, is distancing itself from Trump and his erratic behavior regarding the WHO. In other words, the game board is quickly changing. Will China consolidate its position as a global player thanks to its management of the COVID-19 crisis? Everything seems to indicate this will be the case and that China will reinforce its position as a global player. There are the telling figures concerning public health assistance. What did the United States have to offer the multilateral world that it has tried to shape, except for rebukes? That is the question that remains unanswered amid the most important worldwide economic, political and public health crisis to be recorded in the postwar period.




Es evidente que el mundo cambió. No solo porque estamos confinados 24 horas en nuestros hogares, intentando enlentecer el contagio del virus para que no colapsen los sistemas sanitarios. También porque la globalización, tal como la conocíamos a principios de año, sufrió un revés de dimensiones. La paradoja: es la China gobernada por el Partido Comunista quien que se muestra "globalista", con asistencia sanitaria a todos los continentes. Y EE.UU., el otrora paladín del multilateralismo, tira desconcertados puños al aire, como quien ya combate consigo mismo.

Trump no sólo se encerró fronteras adentro. Culpó de la situación a la OMS, a China, a los inmigrantes, a los gobernadores de su país, al tándem Biden-Obama, a Bill Gates, y un larguísimo etcétera. Confiscó respiradores de países ajenos, pillaje mediante, y contó 22 millones de estadounidenses que, en apenas un mes, pidieron el seguro de desempleo. El pataleo contra otros parece ser también la búsqueda de reorientar la discusión pública y que no se centre en los miles de muertos diarios en EE.UU. Fue el Jefe de Estado de la todavía principal potencia mundial el que dijo, meses atrás, que el virus se iría con el calor de abril. Abril llegó, se instaló, pero el virus no solo se quedó: se expandió como en ningún otro lugar del planeta. Las imágenes de las fosas comunes en Hart Island, New York, significan un cambio respecto al 11 de septiembre de 2001: la potencia declinante muestra sus víctimas, se exhibe vulnerable por primera vez.

Juzgado inicialmente por la propagación del virus y el hermetismo informativo, Beijing pasó velozmente a la fase de soft power. Según informó Zhao Lijian, vocero del Ministerio de Relaciones Exteriores de la República Popular China, el gobierno de Xi Jinping envió insumos a 127 países. De acuerdo a la aduana de ese país, entre marzo y abril China exportó: casi 4 mil millones de barbijos/mascarillas, más de 35 millones de equipos de protección, 2 millones y medio de termómetros, 3 millones de kits de testeo, y 8 millones y medio de gafas protectoras. Además, la cancillería china confirmó la movilización de 13 equipos médicos a 11 naciones y la realización de 70 videoconferencias con expertos de más de 150 países hasta el 10 de abril pasado. Es decir: una acción a gran escala, coordinada y sostenida, que además incluye un financiamiento extra a la OMS -20 millones de dólares- mientras Trump suspende el aporte estadounidense.

Es pronto aventurar como será el mundo del futuro. Incluso el post pandemia: la gran incógnita hoy es cuándo y cómo terminará este confinamiento global, inédito en la historia de la humanidad. No solo no sabemos lo que sucederá de acá a cinco años: la incertidumbre es tal que no sabemos lo que va a pasar en una semana. Lo cierto es que las dos principales potencias del planeta han elegido, hasta el momento, dos estrategias diferentes en torno a la gestión de crisis de la covid-19. Fronteras adentro y con una estrategia discursiva defensiva, EE.UU, y fronteras afuera y con soft power para aminorar los señalamientos del inicio del virus, la República Popular China. Es indudable que ambas estrategias tendrán repercusiones en el plano internacional. Un ejemplo: la Unión Europea, aliada estratégica de los EstadosUnidos durante las últimas décadas, se distancia de Trump y su errática conducta en torno a la OMS. Es decir: el tablero se mueve, con rapidez. ¿Consolidará China su posición de "global player" a partir de su gestión de crisis de la covid-19? Todo parece indicar que sí, que reforzará su rol de jugador global: ahí están las cifras, elocuentes, de asistencia sanitaria. ¿Qué tendrá para ofrecerle EE.UU. al mundo multilateral que intentó moldear y hoy está en jaque, además de reproches varios? Es la pregunta que queda en la mesa, en medio de la crisis económica, política y sanitaria más importante a escala mundial de la que tengamos registro en períodos sin guerras.
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