U.S. Mid-Term Elections and Sino-U.S. Relations

Published in Global Times
(China) on 12 August 2010
by Wang Zaishan (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Qu Xiao. Edited by Gheanna Emelia.
If we compare the Sino-U.S. relations to a ship, this ship has been sailing in rough seas since this year. From early spring to mid-summer, difficulties have been appearing almost non-stop, namely: Google’s quitting China; America’s arms sales to Taiwan; the Dalai Lama’s visit to U.S.; dispute over the exchange rate of RMB and intellectual property rights; and conflicts over the South China Sea. Observers have given precise and incisive analyses on the Sino-U.S. relations geopolitically and regarding the cooperation and competition between these two big countries. Most of the aforementioned issues are nothing new for Sino-U.S. relations, but the fact that those troubles are all happening at the same time bears consideration. America’s domestic politics, especially the influence of this Congress mid-term election, may be one of the factors that are jeopardizing the Sino-U.S. relations.

When Obama first took office at the end of 2008, the Democratic Party had two-thirds of the seats in the Senate and took both the Senate and the House of Representatives in its hand — a situation where the Democrats can run the country as they please. A year later, however, caught up in a hodgepodge of difficulties such as the subprime mortgage crisis, a shaky financial system, slipping export and employment rates, the difficulties in pushing forward health care reform, financial monitoring, and bills dealing with climate change and energy saving, Obama was squandering his advantages. Americans began doubting and criticizing the Democratic Party’s ability to run a country, which can result in the party losing seats in the Senate and House. Meanwhile, the Republican Party is taking advantage of the opportunity, hoping to defeat its rival in the mid-term election, bringing about a radical change and turning this country back on the right track. What’s worth mentioning here is the newcomer: The tea party. When the two major parties are engaged in a fierce struggle, this new element adds unpredictability to the result of the election.

America’s democracy means the candidates can use whatever pleases the interest groups and the voters to favor themselves in the election. With the background of a global economic recession and America’s slow recovery, issues such as the Sino-U.S. relations are used like tools by the two parties to get what they want. For senior Senator Charles Schumer from the Democratic Party, this mid-term election is an utterly important event; it’s not only about his reappointment, but also about his chance of being appointed majority leader. Since March, Sen. Schumer, together with other senators — for example, Republican Senator Lindsey Graham — have kept a high profile and tough stand on issues of the exchange rate of RMB and bilateral trade with China, which greatly increased his media exposure, gained him the approval of the manufacturers and secured his supports from the financial groups on Wall Street. According to the updated statistics, within three months of presenting his proposals related to issues with China, Graham had collected $2.2 million in election funds, rated the first among all the candidates. Now there are less than 100 days before the election, and America’s economic situation will hardly have any radical recovery — which makes the Democrats feel stressed and without solutions. Therefore, raising their voice against China is a good distraction. It pleases some interest groups and wins them votes.

China is the biggest developing country in the world, and America is the biggest developed country. Both countries carry a big weight in international affairs. As China’s economic development and rise to power continue, Sino-U.S. relations will bump into inevitable conflicts and difficulties along the way. The interdependence between the two countries is unprecedentedly high in the area of their bilateral relationship and regional and global affairs. Although the negative effect of America’s domestic politics on Sino-U.S. relations is temporary, we should do our best to avoid misunderstanding by promoting communication, increasing dialogue and defusing divergences, and lead the Sino-U.S. relations to the right route to a win-win situation.


如果把中美关系比作航船,今年以来,这条船可真是经历了太多的风浪。从初春到盛夏,谷歌风波、对台军售、达赖访美、人民币汇率、知识产权、南海权益等问题可谓桩桩件件,不绝如缕。观察家们从地缘政治、大国竞合等角度加以审视,分析精当,鞭辟入里。然而,细究起来,上述大多数问题在两国关系中并非什么新鲜内容,如此高密度地在一个时期集中“亮相”的确值得深思。美国国内政治,尤其是国会中期选举的影响恐怕也是不容忽视的因素。

  2008年底,奥巴马就任之初,民主党同时掌控参众两院,甚至据有参议院2/3多数席位。大有“要风得风,要雨得雨”之势。然而,一年多来,次贷危机发酵、金融体系动荡、出口和就业不振。加之艰难推动医疗保障、金融监管改革、气候与能源等法案,奥巴马的行政资源优势大为损耗。人们对民主党政府的执政能力和成绩多有怀疑乃至不满。民主党在两院中的不少席位岌岌可危。共和党乘机大加挞伐,希望借中期选举一役遏止颓势,扭转乾坤。值得一提的是,在两党心急火燎的当口,偏偏半路上又杀出个“茶党”来凑局,为选战前景增添了些许变数。

  在美国的选举政治下,凡是可以取悦于利益集团或选民而有利于选战者都不妨拿来一用。尤其是在当前全球经济衰退,美国复苏乏力的背景下,中美关系中的诸多议题更被两党政客们“各取所需”地翻来覆去“热炒”。对于资深民主党纽约州参议员查尔斯•舒默而言,此次中期选举意义重大,不仅关系到其能否连任,而且如果运作得法,亦有相当机会接任多数党领袖之位。3月份以来,舒默先生便集合共和党林赛•格雷姆等多位参议员,在人民币汇率、双边贸易等问题上频频出手,姿态高调、言论强硬,不仅大大地增加了媒体曝光率,而且在巩固华尔街金融财团对其支持的基础上,又赢得制造业者的掌声。据最新统计,在其主导的相关议案提出后短短三个多月里,舒默已经募得竞选资金220多万美元,稳居国会两院参选者之冠。目前,距离中期选举日已不足百天,美国经济形势在短时间内也难有起色。面对这场近在眼前的“期中考试”,民主党政府压力不小,招数不多。升高对华压力,或可起到转移国内注意力,迎合部分政治势力以换取选票的作用。

  中国是世界上最大的发展中国家,美国是世界上最大的发达国家,都对世界格局具有举足轻重的影响。在中国经济持续增长,国力逐步上升的进程中,中美关系势必要经历几番艰难的磨合,承受各种痛苦的“压力测试”,起伏波动在所难免。两国在双边关系、地区及全球治理方面相互依存度空前提高。美国国内政治生态对两国关系的负面冲击应是暂时的。但是,也应敏锐把握其间隐现的战略动向,加强沟通与对话,及时化解分歧,尽力避免误解和错判,将中美关系引向合作共赢的航道。
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