Transforming U.S.-China Relations Are Hard to Untie

Published in United Daily News
(Taiwan) on 21 January 2011
by Tuan-Yao Cheng (link to originallink to original)
Translated from by Tsung-Yen Lee. Edited by Gillian Palmer.
Chinese President Hu Jintao is now visiting the United States. This is Hu's first formal state visit to the U.S. and will probably be the last one in his remaining term. Both sides therefore treat this visit with high regard. The U.S. welcomed Hu with its highest reception, while Hu brought 500 affluent merchants with him, signifying largess worth $45 billion.

There has been tension and disagreement between the U.S. and China during the past year. Both sides want to hold onto this chance to clarify each other's attitudes and standpoints. The United States government wishes China could be more clear and straightforward on various issues, instead of stalling and being perfunctory. The U.S. also hopes to place a good foundation for establishing a framework of communication for the coming two years. China, on the other hand, hopes to resolve American worries and continue stably developing bilateral relations.

Observing all the events that have taken place including the media press and the releasing of U.S.–China Joint Statement, we can conclude that this visit is fair and compatible without surprises. Every event was on schedule and ended with the expected results. In terms of policy discussion, we can see that there were attempts to meet expectations from both sides. On some issues they even agreed to work collectively in the future. If Obama has one thing to be glad for about Hu's visit, it may be the economic benefits. Despite the $45 billion largess, the Chinese promised to further open up their market, reduce trade burdens and protect intellectual properties, all having positive effects in increasing job opportunities in the United States.

Obama also mentioned how the Chinese yuan is undervalued. The Chinese, however, only stated that they will try to promote reform on the yuan and make the rate more flexible, while demanding the U.S. reduce its own deficit. The U.S. also kept an eye on human rights, and both sides agreed to launch a dialogue concerning this issue.

Hu noted that the talks were candid, pragmatic and constructive and that both countries should aim to increase common interests on the basis of mutual respect and equally-treated negotiations. He emphasized that China will hold onto the ideas of peaceful development and win-win strategies. On the issue of Taiwan, the U.S. expressed a positive attitude toward the development of cross-strait relations and praised the signing of the Economic Cooperation Framework Agreement (ECFA). The U.S. hopes for increasing dialogue and interactions between Taiwan and China, while the Chinese restate that Taiwan is a concern of Chinese sovereignty and territorial integrity.

No doubt this statement was a product of compromises made by both sides, with no shocks yet no breakthroughs.

It's obvious that China wants to maintain a steady interaction with the U.S. based on the already-existing position of "positive, collaborative and comprehensive" U.S.–China relations. The U.S., on the other hand, expects the Chinese to carry out their promises and take American interests into account in international and Asia-Pacific affairs. In the press, President Obama admitted the positive effect on the U.S. and the world of a rising China, if China managed to be a responsible stakeholder in the international community. In short, the U.S. embraces the rise of China if it meets American interests and rules.

During the past year, the U.S. has condemned China for being more arbitrary on external affairs and claimed that the Chinese have neglected the national security and diplomatic benefits of the United States. More than a few Americans are suspicious that China covets the American position as the world's superpower, while the U.S. is crawling its way out of the economic turmoil. However, the Chinese feel wronged and keep saying that their policy of peaceful development remains unchanged and that they won't challenge the United States.

The real problem is the fact that the growing development of China would automatically alter its relations with the U.S. and affect the interests of other nations. The rise of a new superpower is just like a growing organism. Even if it's true that China does not intend to challenge the U.S., clashes between the two are still inevitable.

No matter what, this visit should still have a positive effect in improving bilateral relations in the short run. Yet we shouldn't expect too much of an outcome. After all, a joint statement is not going to untangle fast-transforming U.S.–China relations.


中國國家主席胡錦濤刻在美國進行訪問,這是胡第一次至美「正式」國是訪問,也很可能是任內最後一次,雙方皆對此高度重視。美方提供最高規格禮遇和款待,中方則是五百位鉅商隨行,帶來價值四百五十億美元經濟大禮。

過去一年美中關係磨擦不斷、爭議頻生。雙方都希望利用此次訪問機會,來釐清相互的態度和立場。美國政府希望,中方能夠把問題說清楚、講明白,而非搪塞和敷衍,並同時期望能藉此為未來兩年雙邊關係,確立可共事的架構;中國方面則希望,化解美國疑慮,持續維持雙邊關係的穩定發展。

從訪問至今的活動、記者會談話和「美中共同聲明」觀之,可用「四平八穩、兼容並蓄」來概括。整個活動依照既定行程的節奏進行,沒有意外;在政策議題表述方面,試圖兼顧雙方立場和利益,並含括多項議題合作。歐巴馬感到最成功之處,可能在於經濟收穫,除了前面提及四百五十億大禮外,中方承諾進一步開放市場,減低貿易障礙和保護智慧財產,有益美國就業增加。

歐氏在記者會中,提及人民幣低估,但在共同聲明,中方僅表示會促進人民幣匯率改革和彈性,但也要求美方減少財政赤字。人權議題也是美方重視項目,雙方同意將召開人權對話。

胡錦濤表達會談坦白、務實和具建設性,雙方應在相互尊重和平等協商基礎上,推動共同利益。他強調,中國會堅守和平發展道路和雙贏開放策略。至於台灣議題,美方肯定兩岸關係發展,讚賞ECFA設立,期待雙方增進對話和互動,與發展正面合作關係;中方重申台灣問題關係中國主權和領土完整。

毫無疑問,這是雙方妥協下的產物和內容,未見驚訝,也無重大突破發展。

顯然的,中方希望在既定「正面、合作和全面美中關係」的定位基礎和軌道上,維繫和美國穩定互動關係,不願意多所變動。美國則期望中方能有效落實協議內容,顧及美國在亞太重大利益和國際問題立場。歐巴馬在記者會表示,中國崛起對美國和世界會帶來好處,不過在於它要能成為負責任的國際成員。簡單來說,美國歡迎崛起中國,但必須符合美國利益和規範。

過去一年,美方不斷指責中國,對外作為變得愈來愈獨斷,輕忽美國外交和安全利益,不少美方人士質疑,中國眼見美國在金融危機受創之際,有意趁機坐大。然而,中方感到委曲和無奈,數度表示中國政策和立場沒有改變,仍然堅持和平發展路線,不與美國爭霸。

其實問題不在於政策和立場,而是權力變化會自動改變國家利益關係。強權興起類似「有機體成長」,即使中國真的無意挑戰美國,還是無法阻擋難以避免的碰撞。

無論如何,此次訪問相信對雙方關係具有短期促進和調解作用,但是不宜有太高期待,畢竟一項共同聲明,無法綑綁迅速變動中的美中關係。
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